🌸
Terra Preta
Literally "black soil" is a type of very dark, fertile manmade (anthropogenic)
soil found in the Amazon Basin.
It is also known as "Amazonian dark earth" or "Indian black earth".
🌸
America before:
The Key to Earth’s Lost Civilization ...
Black Earth...
Gardening Eden ... Sacred Geometry
https://exploringrealhistory.blogspot.com/2020/08/part-5america-before-key-to-earths-lost.html
Terra Preta
Literally "black soil" is a type of very dark, fertile manmade (anthropogenic)
soil found in the Amazon Basin.
It is also known as "Amazonian dark earth" or "Indian black earth".
🌸
America before:
The Key to Earth’s Lost Civilization ...
Black Earth...
Gardening Eden ... Sacred Geometry
https://exploringrealhistory.blogspot.com/2020/08/part-5america-before-key-to-earths-lost.html
STARVATION IS OVER FOREVER!
BRING ME CHARCOAL
AND I WILL BRING YOU ALL YOU CAN EAT!
BRING ME CHARCOAL
AND I WILL BRING YOU ALL YOU CAN EAT!
The Secret of Eldorado / Terra Preta
In this documentary a legendary civilization thought to be too good to be true on the basis of the stories told by the Spanish explorer Francisco de Orellana, is found to be a real part of history.
We can separate fact from fiction here, in that the golden riverbanks the Spaniard told of, were not golden as with precious metal strewn along them, but with something far more precious; CROPS !
Delve into one of the most important facets of the past you will probably ever discover in this SIX PART extravaganza.
It is a wonder headlines like
CULTIVATION SHOCK: STARVATION IS OVER FOREVER or GOLD ?
BRING ME CHARCOAL AND I WILL BRING U ALL U CAN EAT!
Did not appear immediately, and the governments of every nation brought together in celebration.
Two words .. .. TERRA PRETA!
One mission . . . CULTIVATE IT & REAP A PARADISE! TURN DESERT INTO A GARDEN!
Harmony and Balance
Some people have seen an opportunity for commercialization of this wonder of God's grace, and actually grow high energy crops especially for charcolization. While this is viable & maybe with reasonably amiable intentions, it misses the ultimate goal that the people of El Dorado/ the Amazon basin rainforest pre-Columbus found themselves ahead of practically the rest of the world by: harmony and balance with their environment.
They did not 'waste' their organic matter, their left-overs of daily life, they kept it all in the cycle and with a twist of ingenuity found a way for their 'waste' to actually become their most valuable means of survival.
If we do not harness this same opportunity today, God's wrath shall find us in the form of our very own failure at life and we will probably all be dead within a couple of hundred years, with only a few 'survivor' mutant 'elites', who suffer from nano-bot viruses that cause them to continually punch themselves where it hurts the most, and eventually they will not be able to reproduce with their relatives anymore, and mankind will fizzle out none too soon.
We should use REED BEDS to process our WASTE and then harvest the reed beds - in their entirety - for production of TERRA PRETA.
This way within a couple of hundred years, ALL THE SOIL could be TERRA PRETA and there would be no malnutrition, while we could rest under the shade of trees that grow taller, and pick their fruits that ripen fuller than ever before.
Some may call this idealism, and I call their lack of imagination, idiotism. Here's to the magic of life, and the end of strife.
We can separate fact from fiction here, in that the golden riverbanks the Spaniard told of, were not golden as with precious metal strewn along them, but with something far more precious; CROPS !
Delve into one of the most important facets of the past you will probably ever discover in this SIX PART extravaganza.
It is a wonder headlines like
CULTIVATION SHOCK: STARVATION IS OVER FOREVER or GOLD ?
BRING ME CHARCOAL AND I WILL BRING U ALL U CAN EAT!
Did not appear immediately, and the governments of every nation brought together in celebration.
Two words .. .. TERRA PRETA!
One mission . . . CULTIVATE IT & REAP A PARADISE! TURN DESERT INTO A GARDEN!
Harmony and Balance
Some people have seen an opportunity for commercialization of this wonder of God's grace, and actually grow high energy crops especially for charcolization. While this is viable & maybe with reasonably amiable intentions, it misses the ultimate goal that the people of El Dorado/ the Amazon basin rainforest pre-Columbus found themselves ahead of practically the rest of the world by: harmony and balance with their environment.
They did not 'waste' their organic matter, their left-overs of daily life, they kept it all in the cycle and with a twist of ingenuity found a way for their 'waste' to actually become their most valuable means of survival.
If we do not harness this same opportunity today, God's wrath shall find us in the form of our very own failure at life and we will probably all be dead within a couple of hundred years, with only a few 'survivor' mutant 'elites', who suffer from nano-bot viruses that cause them to continually punch themselves where it hurts the most, and eventually they will not be able to reproduce with their relatives anymore, and mankind will fizzle out none too soon.
We should use REED BEDS to process our WASTE and then harvest the reed beds - in their entirety - for production of TERRA PRETA.
This way within a couple of hundred years, ALL THE SOIL could be TERRA PRETA and there would be no malnutrition, while we could rest under the shade of trees that grow taller, and pick their fruits that ripen fuller than ever before.
Some may call this idealism, and I call their lack of imagination, idiotism. Here's to the magic of life, and the end of strife.
More Videos on Terra Preta
To the left, an oxisol poor in nutrients, typical of the Amazon basin; right, oxisol transformed into fertile terra preta Terra preta (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈtɛʁɐ ˈpɾetɐ], locally [ˈtɛhɐ ˈpɾetɐ], literally "black soil" in Portuguese) is a type of very dark, fertile manmade (anthropogenic) soil found in the Amazon Basin.
It is also known as "Amazonian dark earth" or "Indian black earth". In Portuguese its full name is terra preta do índio or terra preta de índio ("black soil of the Indian", "Indians' black earth"). Terra mulata ("mulatto earth") is lighter or brownish in colour.[1]
Homemade terra preta, with charcoal pieces indicated using white arrowsTerra preta owes its characteristic black color to its weathered charcoal content,[2] and was made by adding a mixture of charcoal, bone, and manure to the otherwise relatively infertile Amazonian soil.
A product of indigenous soil management and slash-and-char agriculture,[3] the charcoal is very stable and remains in the soil for thousands of years, binding and retaining minerals and nutrients.[4][5]
Terra preta is characterized by the presence of low-temperature charcoal residues in high concentrations;[2]
of high quantities of potsherds; of organic matter such as plant residues, animal feces, fish and animal bones and other material; and of nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn).[6]
Fertile soils such as terra preta show high levels of microorganic activities and other specific characteristics within particular ecosystems.
Terra preta zones are generally surrounded by terra comum ([ˈtɛhɐ koˈmũ] or [ˈtɛhɐ kuˈmũ]), or "common soil"; these are infertile soils, mainly acrisols,[6] but also ferralsols and arenosols.[7]
While deforested arable soils in the Amazon are productive for just a short period of time, and farmers are constantly moving to new areas and clearing more land,[8][9] the terra preta soil is less prone to nutrient leaching caused by heavy rains and floods because of its high concentration of charcoal, microbial life and organic matter; accumulating nutrients, minerals, and microorganisms.
Terra preta soils are of pre-Columbian nature and were created by humans between 450 BCE and 950 CE.[10][11] The soil's depth can reach 2 meters (6.6 ft).
Thousands of years after its creation, it has been reported to regenerate itself at the rate of 1 centimeter (0.39 in) per year[12] by the local farmers and caboclos in Brazil's Amazonian basin, who seek it for use and for sale as valuable potting soil.
It is also known as "Amazonian dark earth" or "Indian black earth". In Portuguese its full name is terra preta do índio or terra preta de índio ("black soil of the Indian", "Indians' black earth"). Terra mulata ("mulatto earth") is lighter or brownish in colour.[1]
Homemade terra preta, with charcoal pieces indicated using white arrowsTerra preta owes its characteristic black color to its weathered charcoal content,[2] and was made by adding a mixture of charcoal, bone, and manure to the otherwise relatively infertile Amazonian soil.
A product of indigenous soil management and slash-and-char agriculture,[3] the charcoal is very stable and remains in the soil for thousands of years, binding and retaining minerals and nutrients.[4][5]
Terra preta is characterized by the presence of low-temperature charcoal residues in high concentrations;[2]
of high quantities of potsherds; of organic matter such as plant residues, animal feces, fish and animal bones and other material; and of nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn).[6]
Fertile soils such as terra preta show high levels of microorganic activities and other specific characteristics within particular ecosystems.
Terra preta zones are generally surrounded by terra comum ([ˈtɛhɐ koˈmũ] or [ˈtɛhɐ kuˈmũ]), or "common soil"; these are infertile soils, mainly acrisols,[6] but also ferralsols and arenosols.[7]
While deforested arable soils in the Amazon are productive for just a short period of time, and farmers are constantly moving to new areas and clearing more land,[8][9] the terra preta soil is less prone to nutrient leaching caused by heavy rains and floods because of its high concentration of charcoal, microbial life and organic matter; accumulating nutrients, minerals, and microorganisms.
Terra preta soils are of pre-Columbian nature and were created by humans between 450 BCE and 950 CE.[10][11] The soil's depth can reach 2 meters (6.6 ft).
Thousands of years after its creation, it has been reported to regenerate itself at the rate of 1 centimeter (0.39 in) per year[12] by the local farmers and caboclos in Brazil's Amazonian basin, who seek it for use and for sale as valuable potting soil.
Most carbon in the soil is lost as greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide, CO2) into the atmosphere if natural ecosystems are converted to agricultural land. Soils contain 3.3 times more carbon than the atmosphere and 4.5 times more than plants and animals on earth (1).
This makes soils an important source of greenhouse gases but also a potential sink if right management is applied. The use of crop residues for bio-energy production reduces the carbon stocks in cropland. Further the dedication of cropland to bio-fuel production increases the area of cultivated land and thus carbon loss from soils and vegetation.
Pyrolysis of waste biomass can generate fuels and biochar recalcitrant against decomposition. If biochar is returned to agricultural land it can increase the soil’s carbon content permanently and would establish a carbon sink for atmospheric CO2. In this case the use of crop residues as a potential energy source may improve soil quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in a complementary not competing way.
Biochar is proposed as a soil amendment in environments with low carbon sequestration capacity and previously depleted soils (especially in the Tropics). From previous studies it is known that soil biochar amendments increase and maintain soil fertility (2) and the human-made Terra Preta soils in the Ama-zon prove that infertile soils can be transformed into fertile soils and long term carbon enrichment is feasible even in environments with low carbon sequestration capacity (3).
Read more about the global carbon cycle, climate change, soil organic carbon and our options and prospects to mange this carbon pool by biochar carbon sequestration. / Read more...
This makes soils an important source of greenhouse gases but also a potential sink if right management is applied. The use of crop residues for bio-energy production reduces the carbon stocks in cropland. Further the dedication of cropland to bio-fuel production increases the area of cultivated land and thus carbon loss from soils and vegetation.
Pyrolysis of waste biomass can generate fuels and biochar recalcitrant against decomposition. If biochar is returned to agricultural land it can increase the soil’s carbon content permanently and would establish a carbon sink for atmospheric CO2. In this case the use of crop residues as a potential energy source may improve soil quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in a complementary not competing way.
Biochar is proposed as a soil amendment in environments with low carbon sequestration capacity and previously depleted soils (especially in the Tropics). From previous studies it is known that soil biochar amendments increase and maintain soil fertility (2) and the human-made Terra Preta soils in the Ama-zon prove that infertile soils can be transformed into fertile soils and long term carbon enrichment is feasible even in environments with low carbon sequestration capacity (3).
Read more about the global carbon cycle, climate change, soil organic carbon and our options and prospects to mange this carbon pool by biochar carbon sequestration. / Read more...
Terra Preta Research History
Throughout the world intensive agriculture often has resulted in soil physical and chemical degradation, to due erosion and higher output than input rates of nutrients and OM.
In contrast, the intentional and unintentional deposition of nutrient-rich materials within human habitation sites and field areas has in many cases produced conditions of heightened fertility status (Woods 2003). Biochar was also used in agriculture in the past (Allen 1846; Ogawa 1994; Ogawa 2008).
Terra Preta soils in the Amazon are among the most prominent examples of human enriched soils. Sustainable soil fertility management is a major constraint in the humid tropics and is probably one reason for Terra Preta’s high degree of public awareness.
Further the difference between Terra Preta and ordinary soils in its vicinity is striking. In contrast to yellow or reddish Ferralsols the Terra Preta is dark (black). Terra Preta is rich in calcium and phosphate.
These two elements are scarce in the Amazon basin and its presence alters fertility and ecology of the landscape distinctly. Terra Preta has an elevated pH in comparison to the surrounding soils (Ferralsols, Acrisols, and Arenosols) which are acidic with toxic levels of exchangeable aluminum (Glaser and Birk 2012). Current major environmental threats such as deforestation and global warming contribute to Terra Preta’s wide public perception.
Its existence proofs that long-lasting soil fertility improvements and carbon sequestration is possible, even under the most unfavorable circumstances (fast mineralization and leaching) and gives rise to hope to overcome these environmental challenges. Terra Preta may offer an opportunity to learn from the past and improve our current wasteful material flow management (Steiner and Taylor 2010). / Read more...
Throughout the world intensive agriculture often has resulted in soil physical and chemical degradation, to due erosion and higher output than input rates of nutrients and OM.
In contrast, the intentional and unintentional deposition of nutrient-rich materials within human habitation sites and field areas has in many cases produced conditions of heightened fertility status (Woods 2003). Biochar was also used in agriculture in the past (Allen 1846; Ogawa 1994; Ogawa 2008).
Terra Preta soils in the Amazon are among the most prominent examples of human enriched soils. Sustainable soil fertility management is a major constraint in the humid tropics and is probably one reason for Terra Preta’s high degree of public awareness.
Further the difference between Terra Preta and ordinary soils in its vicinity is striking. In contrast to yellow or reddish Ferralsols the Terra Preta is dark (black). Terra Preta is rich in calcium and phosphate.
These two elements are scarce in the Amazon basin and its presence alters fertility and ecology of the landscape distinctly. Terra Preta has an elevated pH in comparison to the surrounding soils (Ferralsols, Acrisols, and Arenosols) which are acidic with toxic levels of exchangeable aluminum (Glaser and Birk 2012). Current major environmental threats such as deforestation and global warming contribute to Terra Preta’s wide public perception.
Its existence proofs that long-lasting soil fertility improvements and carbon sequestration is possible, even under the most unfavorable circumstances (fast mineralization and leaching) and gives rise to hope to overcome these environmental challenges. Terra Preta may offer an opportunity to learn from the past and improve our current wasteful material flow management (Steiner and Taylor 2010). / Read more...
Soil Charcoal Amendments (agrichar or biochar)
maintain Soil Fertility and establish a Carbon Sink
maintain Soil Fertility and establish a Carbon Sink
The existence of an anthropogenic and carbon (C) enriched dark soil in different parts of the world and especially in Amazonia (Amazonian Dark Earths (ADE) or Terra Preta de Índio) proves that the predominant Ferralsols and Acrisols can be transformed into fertile soils. Charcoal formation and deposition in soils seems to be a promising option to transfer an easily decomposable biomass into refractory soil organic matter (SOM) pools.
The production of charcoal for soil amelioration purposes (slash and char) out of the aboveground biomass (secondary forest and crop residues) instead of converting it to carbon dioxide (CO2) through burning (slash and burn) could establish a C sink and could be an important step towards sustainability and SOM conservation in tropical agriculture.
On a global scale, crop residue biomass represents a considerable problem as well as new challenges and opportunities. Bio-char soil management systems can deliver tradable C emissions reduction, and C sequestered is easily accountable, and verifiable.
The described mixture of driving forces and technologies has the potential to use residual waste carbon-rich residues to reshape agriculture, balance carbon and address nutrient depletion.
The production of charcoal for soil amelioration purposes (slash and char) out of the aboveground biomass (secondary forest and crop residues) instead of converting it to carbon dioxide (CO2) through burning (slash and burn) could establish a C sink and could be an important step towards sustainability and SOM conservation in tropical agriculture.
On a global scale, crop residue biomass represents a considerable problem as well as new challenges and opportunities. Bio-char soil management systems can deliver tradable C emissions reduction, and C sequestered is easily accountable, and verifiable.
The described mixture of driving forces and technologies has the potential to use residual waste carbon-rich residues to reshape agriculture, balance carbon and address nutrient depletion.
How to Make Bio - Char
Videos on Terra Preta
- The Secret of El Dorado (Horizon 2002) Discovery of Terra PretaReturnProject19,693 views
15:0 - How to make charcoal in a home made retortAndy's Shed9,415 views
26:40 - Backyard Biochar with Abraham CluxtonLiving Web Farms15,547 views
42:43 - TERRA PRETA - 'Amazon' (BBC 'UH III')Tomorer4,799 views
52:15 - The Secret Of Terra Preta - Paramagnetismreddpill11,654 views
8:50 - Biochar made easy!Work With Nature25,045 views
9:44 - Biochar: Up to 300% More Productivity - Bio-char - Natures Fertilizer - Terra PretaFoodAbundance29,910 views
8:46 - Compost king: Paul Sellew at TEDxBostonTEDx Talks175,330 views
14:40 - Where Have All the People Gone? (1974)LongboardJimboRecommended for you
1:13:47 - Biochar Workshop Part 2, Why to Make BiocharLiving Web Farms68,916 views
58:18 - Why Biochar Doesn't Live Up to the Hype & Biochar FAQLearn Organic Gardening at GrowingYourGreens56,758 views
53:32 - Biochar Workshop Part 3, The Carbon CycleLiving Web Farms35,974 views
59:02 - "Terra preta" - Wundererde für das Wendland | DIE REPORTAGE | NDRARD231,225 views
28:48 - Biochar - the future of sustainable agriculture: Lauren Hale at TEDxUCRTEDx Talks68,968 views
10:34 - Biochar Cookstoves with Chris Farmer at Mother Earth News Fair WNCLiving Web Farms14,099 views
36:18 - How to Make BiocharRed Mountain Makers14,259 views
8:39 - Making Biochar For Small FarmsAnnMAugustine176,097 views
14:39 - HOW TO MAKE BIOCHAR REACTOR - TLUD BURN BARREL for TERRA PRETA PERMACULTURE CARBON SEQUESTRATIONTHEGREENCABBY1,718 views
11:39 - Terra Preta Sanitation - 1. Overview0KulturaufKnopfdruck6,933 views
29:35 - Food - The Ultimate Secret Exposed full versionprojectdeepcover948,125 views
20:48 - Does Biochar Deliver Carbon-Negative Energy?Stanford22,555 views
- 2:58Make $1000 Per Day OnlineAdby The Laptop Lifestyle522,325 views
× - How to make Terra PretaMarokko Projekt5,851 views
12:57 - What is BioChar? How to Make & Why You shouldn't use Raw BiocharLearn Organic Gardening at GrowingYourGreens122,759 views
11:30 - The Lost Civilization of Ancient Brazilhistory suppressed10,603 views
43:22 - Biochar Workshop Part 1, How to Make BiocharLiving Web Farms275,062 views
40:48 - Top Reason Why Biochar Doesn't Increase Crop Yields & 5 Ways to Fix itLearn Organic Gardening at GrowingYourGreens95,777 views
41:49 - TERRA PRETA - 'Amazon' (BBC 'UH III')Tomorer193,698 views
52:48 - LactobacillusHeidi McGrath41,454 views
40:56 - This bullsht might save the world - composting cow manure with biochar | Thomas Rippel | TEDxZurichThomas Rippel19,264 views
18:221:27:25 - Terra Preta - Lösung für die drängendsten ProblemeChillheimer5,799 views
43:29 - How To Survive Chemtrails - Ken RohlaFreeman FlyRecommended for you
1:26:45 - Evidence for Huge Cities in the Amazon Jungle [FULL DOCUMENTARY]Nationwide Documentaries51,314 views
1:01:43 - Building a charcoal retort for small scale biocharodalaigh9,049 views
17:30 - Great Riddles in Archaeology: El Dorado in the AmericasPenn Museum9,458 views
1:03:20 - El Dorado The Lost City Gold [FULL DOCUMENTARY]Nationwide Documentaries82,017 views
1:01:54 - Treasure Hunters - Episode 1: El Dorado, Lost City of Gold (History Documentary)Treasure of History164,852 views
