🌸
Wheatgrass
is a daily green sunlight ...
🌸
Wheatgrass
is a daily green sunlight ...
🌸
🌸
''Wheatgrass juice is the nectar of rejuvenation,
the plasma of youth,
the blood of life ...
the cure for cancer ...
🌸
The elements that are missing in your body’s cells ...
especially enzymes,
vitamins,
minerals,
hormones,
and nucleic acids
can be obtained through this daily green sunlight transfusion.”
🌸
Viktoras P Kulvinskas ... Survival in the 21 st Century ...
🌸
FREE - Download - The Whole Book
🌸
''Wheatgrass juice is the nectar of rejuvenation,
the plasma of youth,
the blood of life ...
the cure for cancer ...
🌸
The elements that are missing in your body’s cells ...
especially enzymes,
vitamins,
minerals,
hormones,
and nucleic acids
can be obtained through this daily green sunlight transfusion.”
🌸
Viktoras P Kulvinskas ... Survival in the 21 st Century ...
🌸
FREE - Download - The Whole Book
🌸
| SECTION - Viktoras P Kulvinskas ... Survival in the 21 st Century ....pdf |
🌸
'Sciencedirect' Conclusion
🌸
Wheatgrass, a miracle microgreen,
is a rich source of protein, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants
that boost its pharmacological potential against a variety of ailments, such
as anaemia, thalassemia, ulcerative colitis,
diabetes, cardio vascular disease, and liver disorders.
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Wheatgrass is effective at boosting strength, reducing fatigue,
and maintaining the blood pressure and blood sugar levels.
It promotes healthy digestion, removes toxins, reduces weight,
activates brain function, and delays ageing.
🌸
Therefore, incorporating wheatgrass as an integral part of the daily diet
enhances the nutritional level and elevate the health status of the individual.
🌸
See the Article Below
🌸
'Sciencedirect' Conclusion
🌸
Wheatgrass, a miracle microgreen,
is a rich source of protein, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants
that boost its pharmacological potential against a variety of ailments, such
as anaemia, thalassemia, ulcerative colitis,
diabetes, cardio vascular disease, and liver disorders.
🌸
Wheatgrass is effective at boosting strength, reducing fatigue,
and maintaining the blood pressure and blood sugar levels.
It promotes healthy digestion, removes toxins, reduces weight,
activates brain function, and delays ageing.
🌸
Therefore, incorporating wheatgrass as an integral part of the daily diet
enhances the nutritional level and elevate the health status of the individual.
🌸
See the Article Below
🌸
🌸
Wheatgrass Juice
🌸
Wheatgrass Juice
🌸
🌸
The wheatgrass juice is rich in Chlorophyll.
The molecular structure of the Chlorophyll is very similar
to that of Hemoglobin in blood.
The difference between Hemoglobin and Chlorophyll is
that the central atom in Hemoglobin contains Iron,
whereas, the central atom of Chlorophyll contains Magnesium.
🌸
The wheatgrass juice is rich in Chlorophyll.
The molecular structure of the Chlorophyll is very similar
to that of Hemoglobin in blood.
The difference between Hemoglobin and Chlorophyll is
that the central atom in Hemoglobin contains Iron,
whereas, the central atom of Chlorophyll contains Magnesium.
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Chlorophyll contains oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and magnesium, whilst haemoglobin from the blood contains iron at the place of magnesium, see figure above. Both iron and magnesium are metallic atoms.
The close similarity between blood and chlorophyl, plants are producers
(they make their own food using energy and materials from their environment) and animals are consumers (cannot make their own food).
Chlorophyll, hemoglobin and hemacyanin are three fundamental molecules of life as we know in our planet. Their chemical formulas are: C55H72O5N4Mg,
for chlorophyll, and for hemoglobin is C2952H4664N812O832S8Fe4.
🌸
Chlorophyll contains oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and magnesium, whilst haemoglobin from the blood contains iron at the place of magnesium, see figure above. Both iron and magnesium are metallic atoms.
The close similarity between blood and chlorophyl, plants are producers
(they make their own food using energy and materials from their environment) and animals are consumers (cannot make their own food).
Chlorophyll, hemoglobin and hemacyanin are three fundamental molecules of life as we know in our planet. Their chemical formulas are: C55H72O5N4Mg,
for chlorophyll, and for hemoglobin is C2952H4664N812O832S8Fe4.
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🌸
Wheatgrass Juice
🌸
Wheatgrass Juice
🌸
Wheatgrass juice is a highly nutritious food. It is high in vitamins A and E, as well as the B vitamins. It contains many minerals and trace elements needed by the body. It contains Calcium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Iron and Zinc.
It also contains twelve amino acids, including the seven essential amino acids. It is important to note that enzymes such as Amylase, Protease and Lipase were not detected in this laboratory analysis. Wheatgrass juice is considered a predigested food. It does not require enzymes for breakdown of proteins. Both amino acids and glucose are present in the juice and are, therefore, readily assimilated by the body.
The wheatgrass juice is rich in Chlorophyll. The molecular structure of the Chlorophyll is very similar to that of Hemoglobin in blood. The difference between Hemoglobin and Chlorophyll is that the central atom in Hemoglobin contains Iron, whereas, the central atom of Chlorophyll contains Magnesium.
It is the Iron in wheatgrass juice which helps the blood carries healing Oxygen to all the cells. Wheatgrass juice also aids in detoxification by breaking up impacted matter in the colon. It is a valuable tool in the bodies’ natural self-healing, because it helps fight infection.
Sunflower and buckwheat greens, collectively referred to as “the greens”, are valuable sources of enzymes and amino acids. They are high in vitamin D, as well as Chlorophyll and Lecithin. They are low in fat and contain no starch, so the body does not have to spend much energy to digest them. They are also, therefore, an efficient energy source.
Benefits of Wheatgrass Juice
Chlorophyll is the first product of light and therefore contains more light energy than any other element.
Wheatgrass juice is a crude chlorophyll and can be taken orally & as colon implant without toxic side effects. Chlorophyll is the basic of all plant life. Wheatgrass is high in oxygen like all green plants that contain chlorophyll.
The brain and all body tissues function at an optimal level in a highly-oxygenated environment.
Chlorophyll is antibacterial and can be used inside and outside the body as a healer.
Dr. B. Jensen says that it only takes minutes to digest wheatgrass juice and uses up very little body energy.
Chlorophyll can be extracted from many plants, but wheatgrass is superior because it has been found to have over 100 elements needed by man.
Dr. Ann Wigmore had helped people to get well from chronic disorders for 30 years using wheatgrass juice.
Liquid chlorophyll gets into the tissue, refines them, and makes them over.
Wheatgrass juice is a superior detoxification agent compared to carrot juice and other fruits and vegetables.
Dr. Earl Thomas, who was working with Ann Wigmore, says that 15 pounds of wheatgrass is the equivalent of 350 pounds of carrots, lettuce, celery, and so forth.
It also contains twelve amino acids, including the seven essential amino acids. It is important to note that enzymes such as Amylase, Protease and Lipase were not detected in this laboratory analysis. Wheatgrass juice is considered a predigested food. It does not require enzymes for breakdown of proteins. Both amino acids and glucose are present in the juice and are, therefore, readily assimilated by the body.
The wheatgrass juice is rich in Chlorophyll. The molecular structure of the Chlorophyll is very similar to that of Hemoglobin in blood. The difference between Hemoglobin and Chlorophyll is that the central atom in Hemoglobin contains Iron, whereas, the central atom of Chlorophyll contains Magnesium.
It is the Iron in wheatgrass juice which helps the blood carries healing Oxygen to all the cells. Wheatgrass juice also aids in detoxification by breaking up impacted matter in the colon. It is a valuable tool in the bodies’ natural self-healing, because it helps fight infection.
Sunflower and buckwheat greens, collectively referred to as “the greens”, are valuable sources of enzymes and amino acids. They are high in vitamin D, as well as Chlorophyll and Lecithin. They are low in fat and contain no starch, so the body does not have to spend much energy to digest them. They are also, therefore, an efficient energy source.
Benefits of Wheatgrass Juice
Chlorophyll is the first product of light and therefore contains more light energy than any other element.
Wheatgrass juice is a crude chlorophyll and can be taken orally & as colon implant without toxic side effects. Chlorophyll is the basic of all plant life. Wheatgrass is high in oxygen like all green plants that contain chlorophyll.
The brain and all body tissues function at an optimal level in a highly-oxygenated environment.
Chlorophyll is antibacterial and can be used inside and outside the body as a healer.
Dr. B. Jensen says that it only takes minutes to digest wheatgrass juice and uses up very little body energy.
Chlorophyll can be extracted from many plants, but wheatgrass is superior because it has been found to have over 100 elements needed by man.
Dr. Ann Wigmore had helped people to get well from chronic disorders for 30 years using wheatgrass juice.
Liquid chlorophyll gets into the tissue, refines them, and makes them over.
Wheatgrass juice is a superior detoxification agent compared to carrot juice and other fruits and vegetables.
Dr. Earl Thomas, who was working with Ann Wigmore, says that 15 pounds of wheatgrass is the equivalent of 350 pounds of carrots, lettuce, celery, and so forth.
🌸
Dr. Earl Thomas, says,
that 15 pounds of wheatgrass is the equivalent of
350 pounds of carrots, lettuce, celery,
and so forth.
🌸
Benefits of Wheatgrass Juice
🌸
Dr. Earl Thomas, says,
that 15 pounds of wheatgrass is the equivalent of
350 pounds of carrots, lettuce, celery,
and so forth.
🌸
Benefits of Wheatgrass Juice
🌸
Liquid chlorophyll (wheatgrass-juice) washes drug deposits from the body.
Chlorophyll neutralizes toxins in the body.
Chlorophyll helps purify the liver.
Chlorophyll improves blood sugar problems.
Wheatgrass juice cures acne and even removes scars after it has been ingested for seven to eight months.
Wheatgrass juice acts as a detergent in the body.
A small amount of the wheatgrass juice in the human diet prevents tooth decay.
Wheatgrass juice held in the mouth for 5 minutes will eliminate toothaches. It pulls poisons from the gums.
Gargle with a wheatgrass juice for a sore throat.
Pyorrhea of the mouth: lay pulp of wheatgrass soaked in juice on diseased area or chew wheatgrass, spitting out pulp.
Drink wheatgrass juice, one feel a difference in strength, endurance, health, and spirituality, and experience a sense of well-being.
Wheatgrass juice improves the digestion. Wheatgrass juice is great for blood disorders of all kinds.
Wheatgrass juice is high in enzymes.
Wheatgrass juice is an excellent skin cleanser and can be absorbed through the skin for nutrition.
Pour green juice over your body in a tub of warm water and soak for 15 to 20 mins. Rinse off with cold water.
Wheatgrass implants (enemas) are great for healing and detoxifying the colon walls.
The implants also heal cleanse the internal organs.
Wheatgrass juice is great for constipation and bowels open. It is high in magnesium.
Wheatgrass juice can dissolve the scars that are formed in the lungs from breathing acid gasses.
The effect of carbon monoxide is minimized since chlorophyll increase hemoglobin production.
Wheatgrass juice reduces high blood pressure and enhances the capillaries.
Wheatgrass juice can remove heavy metals from the body.
Chlorophyll (wheatgrass) for anti-aging.
Wheatgrass juice can do everything from freshen your breath to ward off cancer.
It is perhaps the safest and most effective way to healthfully supplement your diet.
The fresh wheatgrass juice is a storehouse of natural vitamins,
minerals, chlorophyll, enzymes, and life energy.
It builds a high blood count.
Helps prevent cancer.
Provides iron to organs.
Makes body more alkaline. Counteracts toxins eaten.
Improves anemic conditions. Cleans and deodorizes bowel tissues.
Helps purify the liver. Aids hepatitis improvement.
Regulates menstruation. Aids hemophilia condition.
Improves milk production. Helps sores heal faster.
Eliminates body odors. Resists bacteria in wounds.
Cleans tooth and gum structure in pyorrhea eliminates bad breath.
Relieves sore throat. Makes an excellent oral surgery gargle.
Benefits inflamed tonsils. Soothes ulcer tissues.
Soothes painful hemorrhoids and piles. Aids catarrhal discharges.
Revitalizes vascular system in the legs. Improves varicose veins.
Reduces pain caused by inflammation. Improves vision.
Chlorophyll neutralizes toxins in the body.
Chlorophyll helps purify the liver.
Chlorophyll improves blood sugar problems.
Wheatgrass juice cures acne and even removes scars after it has been ingested for seven to eight months.
Wheatgrass juice acts as a detergent in the body.
A small amount of the wheatgrass juice in the human diet prevents tooth decay.
Wheatgrass juice held in the mouth for 5 minutes will eliminate toothaches. It pulls poisons from the gums.
Gargle with a wheatgrass juice for a sore throat.
Pyorrhea of the mouth: lay pulp of wheatgrass soaked in juice on diseased area or chew wheatgrass, spitting out pulp.
Drink wheatgrass juice, one feel a difference in strength, endurance, health, and spirituality, and experience a sense of well-being.
Wheatgrass juice improves the digestion. Wheatgrass juice is great for blood disorders of all kinds.
Wheatgrass juice is high in enzymes.
Wheatgrass juice is an excellent skin cleanser and can be absorbed through the skin for nutrition.
Pour green juice over your body in a tub of warm water and soak for 15 to 20 mins. Rinse off with cold water.
Wheatgrass implants (enemas) are great for healing and detoxifying the colon walls.
The implants also heal cleanse the internal organs.
Wheatgrass juice is great for constipation and bowels open. It is high in magnesium.
Wheatgrass juice can dissolve the scars that are formed in the lungs from breathing acid gasses.
The effect of carbon monoxide is minimized since chlorophyll increase hemoglobin production.
Wheatgrass juice reduces high blood pressure and enhances the capillaries.
Wheatgrass juice can remove heavy metals from the body.
Chlorophyll (wheatgrass) for anti-aging.
Wheatgrass juice can do everything from freshen your breath to ward off cancer.
It is perhaps the safest and most effective way to healthfully supplement your diet.
The fresh wheatgrass juice is a storehouse of natural vitamins,
minerals, chlorophyll, enzymes, and life energy.
It builds a high blood count.
Helps prevent cancer.
Provides iron to organs.
Makes body more alkaline. Counteracts toxins eaten.
Improves anemic conditions. Cleans and deodorizes bowel tissues.
Helps purify the liver. Aids hepatitis improvement.
Regulates menstruation. Aids hemophilia condition.
Improves milk production. Helps sores heal faster.
Eliminates body odors. Resists bacteria in wounds.
Cleans tooth and gum structure in pyorrhea eliminates bad breath.
Relieves sore throat. Makes an excellent oral surgery gargle.
Benefits inflamed tonsils. Soothes ulcer tissues.
Soothes painful hemorrhoids and piles. Aids catarrhal discharges.
Revitalizes vascular system in the legs. Improves varicose veins.
Reduces pain caused by inflammation. Improves vision.
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In “The American Journal of Surgery” (1940) Benjamin Cruskin, M.D., recommends chlorophyll for its antiseptic benefits. The article suggests the following clinical uses for chlorophyll.
It neutralizes strep infections, heals wounds, hastens skin grafting, cures chronic sinusitis, overcomes ear inflammation and infections, reduces varicose veins and heals leg ulcers, eliminates impetigo and other scabby eruptions, heals rectal sores, successfully treats inflammation of the uterine cervix, gets rid of parasitic vaginal infections, reduces typhoid fever, and cures advanced pyorrhea in many cases.
Dr. Birscher, a research scientist in Switzerland, called chlorophyll “concentrated sun power.” He said, “Chlorophyll increases the function of the heart, affects the vascular system, the intestines, the uterus, and the lungs. According to Dr. Birscher, nature uses chlorophyll (wheatgrass) as a body cleanser, rebuilder, and neutralizer of toxins.
“Wheatgrass juice is the nectar of rejuvenation, the plasma of youth, the blood of all life. The elements that are missing in your body’s cells-especially enzymes, vitamins, hormones, and nucleic acids can be obtained through this daily green sunlight transfusion.”
Survival in the 21 st Century, Viktoras Kulvinskas
Wheatgrass Institute in the United States
Optimum Health Institute – San Diego - http://Optimumhealth. org
6970 Central Avenue, Lemon Grove, CA 91945-2198
Telephone: 619-464-3346 / Fax: 619-5890-4098
Opti - Fresh Wheat Grass Juicers / 619-464-3346, Fax: 589-4098
Sundance Wheateena Wheatgrass Juicers / 914-565-6065
It neutralizes strep infections, heals wounds, hastens skin grafting, cures chronic sinusitis, overcomes ear inflammation and infections, reduces varicose veins and heals leg ulcers, eliminates impetigo and other scabby eruptions, heals rectal sores, successfully treats inflammation of the uterine cervix, gets rid of parasitic vaginal infections, reduces typhoid fever, and cures advanced pyorrhea in many cases.
Dr. Birscher, a research scientist in Switzerland, called chlorophyll “concentrated sun power.” He said, “Chlorophyll increases the function of the heart, affects the vascular system, the intestines, the uterus, and the lungs. According to Dr. Birscher, nature uses chlorophyll (wheatgrass) as a body cleanser, rebuilder, and neutralizer of toxins.
“Wheatgrass juice is the nectar of rejuvenation, the plasma of youth, the blood of all life. The elements that are missing in your body’s cells-especially enzymes, vitamins, hormones, and nucleic acids can be obtained through this daily green sunlight transfusion.”
Survival in the 21 st Century, Viktoras Kulvinskas
Wheatgrass Institute in the United States
Optimum Health Institute – San Diego - http://Optimumhealth. org
6970 Central Avenue, Lemon Grove, CA 91945-2198
Telephone: 619-464-3346 / Fax: 619-5890-4098
Opti - Fresh Wheat Grass Juicers / 619-464-3346, Fax: 589-4098
Sundance Wheateena Wheatgrass Juicers / 914-565-6065
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To Order
Wheatgrass Juice Powder
🌸
To Order
Wheatgrass Juice Powder
🌸
🌸
Wheatgrass Juice Powder
5 LBS $ 170
www.znaturalfoods.com/products/wheatgrass-juice-powder-organic?variant=34368976552073
🌸
Wheatgrass Juice Powder
5 LBS $ 170
www.znaturalfoods.com/products/wheatgrass-juice-powder-organic?variant=34368976552073
🌸
🌸
https://www.swansonvitamins.com/p/green-foods-wheat-grass-shots-10-6-oz-pwdr
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Longevity Products to Order
🌸
https://www.kindness2.com/product-for-longevity.html
🌸
https://www.swansonvitamins.com/p/green-foods-wheat-grass-shots-10-6-oz-pwdr
🌸
Longevity Products to Order
🌸
https://www.kindness2.com/product-for-longevity.html
🌸
Wheatgrass Benefits for Immunity
&
Nutrient Absorption
🌸
https://draxe.com/nutrition/wheatgrass-benefits/
🌸
&
Nutrient Absorption
🌸
https://draxe.com/nutrition/wheatgrass-benefits/
🌸
By Annie Price, CHHC
August 20, 2024
Share on EmailPrint Article
Most of us know by now that we need to be eating fresh fruits and veggies every day in abundance for optimal health and detoxification. However, for many people this isn’t as easy as it might seem. While it isn’t meant to replace eating fresh vegetables, wheatgrass benefits provide numerous antioxidants and other nutrients, all in one small, easy-to-drink glass.
With a history of use over 5,000 years old, wheatgrass was loved by the ancient Egyptians for its beneficial effects on their health and vitality. Centuries later, people are still loving this nutrient-rich grass, nicknamed “green blood,” for its high chlorophyll content and numerous wheatgrass benefits it can provide.
What Is Wheatgrass?
Wheatgrass is the young grass of the common wheat plant called Triticum aestivum. This edible grass is either juiced into a “wheatgrass shot” or milled down into a fine green powder that’s used to create a multipurpose product for both humans and animals.
What does wheatgrass taste like? It definitely does taste grassy and also mildly sweet.
Can you eat wheatgrass raw? You can eat the young sprouts whole and raw, but more often they are juiced raw and consumed as a liquid. There are some other options as well.
Wheatgrass can be consumed on its own or used in combination with other juices or supplements. Now considered to be a “superfood,” several forms of wheatgrass that are available. This includes wheatgrass juice, capsules, powder, pills and tablets.
The best way to consume wheatgrass is in juice form (“shots” as they’re called). You can either visit an establishment that sells freshly made wheatgrass shots or try making them on your own (more on this below).
If you aren’t able to find fresh wheatgrass, wheatgrass powder makes a good second option. If convenience is what you’re really after, high-quality (pure) wheatgrass tablets are certainly beneficial as well.
Nutrition Facts
While most wheatgrass “shots” also include freshly juiced vegetables and fruit, wheatgrass powder is pure wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum).
According to the USDA, one scoop (2.7 g) of organic superfood booster wheatgrass powder (by KOS Inc.) contains:
*Daily Value: Percentages are based on a diet of 2,000 calories a day.
Wheatgrass also contains many other nutrients, in particular chlorophyll and antioxidants like flavonoids and phenolic acid.
Chlorophyll is the substance that gives wheatgrass its signature, bright green color. Like other nutrient-dense greens, it’s used in the human body for a number of important processes. It’s a natural liver cleanser and detoxifier, acts like an antioxidant to reduce free radical damage, is a blood strengthener (it has a similar chemical composition to that of hemoglobin), and can help give you a boost in energy.
Wheatgrass is known to be used in Ayurveda for its purifying and rejuvenating effects. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), wheatgrass is used to tonify the spleen, boost digestion and help drain dampness in the body. TCM practitioners sometimes use wheatgrass interchangeably with barley grass. In TCM, wheatgrass may be fermented first before being dried. In traditional medicine, wheatgrass has often been used to treat stomach ailments.
Benefits1.
Alkalizing the body and boosting nutrient absorption
Wheatgrass provides vital alkalizing benefits for the body, along with increasing absorption of nutrients like electrolytes, vitamin C and vitamin E.
If you want to prevent chronic diseases from flourishing in your body as you get older, creating an alkaline environment is essential. Acidosis (high levels of acid resulting from low alkalinity) is an all-too-common problem today, due to toxicity from the environment along with many people eating highly processed foods.
What gives wheatgrass the ability to prevent acidosis?
Chlorophyll is primarily responsible. Chlorophyll has been shown to help naturally balance the body’s pH level and protect cells. This is one of the reasons that chlorophyll consumption is associated with anti-aging effects ranging from younger-looking skin to better weight management.
Will wheatgrass help me lose weight?
Possibly!
A study published in the journal Appetite in 2013 found that adding chlorophyll-containing compounds to high-carbohydrate meals suppresses hunger motivation and increases signals of satiety. Overall, adding chlorophyll-rich substances to meals appears to reduce food intake and prevent compensational eating later in the day, which may help to reduce body weight over time.
2. Lowering free radical damage
Wheatgrass benefits including having strong antioxidant capabilities. It can also lower oxidation/free radical damage that causes aging and contribute to disease formation.
Animal studies have found that wheatgrass can significantly inhibit lipid peroxidation in the liver and protect mitochondria within cells. This is tied to reduced inflammation levels and lower risk for diseases like cancer, liver disease and heart disease.
Research regarding the antioxidant levels (ORAC values) of various “superfoods” has found that wheatgrass has an ORAC score “higher than those reported for many other natural extracts or vegetables.”
Work done by the Department of Pharmacology at Gajara Raja Medical College in India has shown that some of the antioxidants present in wheatgrass include:
3. Raising immunity and cancer protection
Studies have found that wheatgrass demonstrates anti-cancer potential. It seems to do so through the mechanism of inducing apoptosis (self-destruction of cancerous cells).
According to research done by the Integrated Oncology and Palliative Care Unit in Israel, wheatgrass can be effectively used in holistic cancer treatment programs (even those that also use conventional treatments like chemotherapy). It also can be used for cancer prevention. (7)
Its benefits for overall immune function include regulating immunological activity and fighting oxidative stress that contributes to cell mutations.
Clinical trials show that wheatgrass may also help attenuate chemotherapy-related side effects, such as fatigue, malabsorption and deficiencies. Other than helping to prevent and treat cancer, clinical trials show that wheatgrass may induce synergistic benefits to those with other immune-related conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, hematological diseases, diabetes and obesity.
A study published in 2017 analyzed the effects of an aqueous wheatgrass extract on an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Over just a 24-hour period, the researchers found that the wheatgrass extract had an inhibitory effect on the oral cancer cell line proliferation.
The study points out how the anti-cancer benefits of wheatgrass are likely related to its high content of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase and cytochrome oxidase. These have the ability to convert free radicals like reactive oxygen species to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen molecules. More studies are warranted, but this one suggests that wheatgrass may help to slow the growth of oral cancer.
Another in vitro study published in 2016 demonstrates the possibility that wheatgrass benefits cancer of the colon. This study found that wheatgrass slowed the progression of colon cancer and even caused some cancer cells to die. The researchers conclude that “the aqueous extract of wheatgrass represents a potential plant based anti-cancer agent.” (A 2024 review of how wheatgrass can impact colorectal cancer stated that further study was warranted.)
4. Lowering high cholesterol and triglycerides
Does wheatgrass lower cholesterol? Studies conducted at Sharma University of Health Sciences in India showed that wheatgrass is a medicinal plant for the heart and blood vessels. It can be effective in treating hyperlipidemia. In fact, it helps lower high cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
One study examined the effects of wheatgrass given to rabbits eating a high-fat diet that induced hyperlipidemia. Thirty rabbits were divided into three groups: one receiving a control diet, one receiving a high-fat diet and a group receiving a high-fat diet together with wheatgrass over a period of 10 weeks.
Fasting serum samples from the animals were analyzed for total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione and vitamin C, and the results were compared. The high-fat diet resulted in hyperlipidemia and an increase in oxidative stress, along with lowered glutathione antioxidant levels and lowered vitamin C.
However, wheatgrass supplementation taken along with a high-fat diet resulted in improved lipid levels (decreased total cholesterol and increased HDL-C). Wheatgrass also significantly reduced MDA levels and increased glutathione and vitamin C levels.
Wheatgrass vs. Barley Grass
Wheatgrass and barley grass are two different kinds of young cereal grasses that are both commonly drank as a fresh juice or are taken in powdered form. Barley grass is from the young shoots of the barley plant, while wheatgrass is from the young shoots of the wheat plant.
Wheatgrass and barley grass are both great sources of chlorophyll. They also both contain a wide array of nutrients, including vitamins, minerals antioxidants and amino acids. People typically consider barley grass as having a more mild taste than wheatgrass.
These grasses are often used with similar health goals in mind. For example, both are high in antioxidants, making them great free radical scavengers.
Where to Find and How to Use
You can find wheatgrass fresh, as tablets or capsules, frozen juice and powder form at stores or online. No matter what your current state of health is, you can benefit from adding wheatgrass — especially fresh wheatgrass juice — to your daily diet.
Growing your own wheatgrass is easy, affordable and the very best way to get fresh wheatgrass regularly. Once you have access to your own wheatgrass, you can add a small amount daily to drinks, smoothies, plain water or other recipes. This is a great way to get all of your chlorophyll and veggies in one shot, literally!
If you want to grow your own wheatgrass, wheatgrass starter kits can be purchased online for little money. You might choose to buy a wheatgrass kit that includes a bundle of things you’ll need or simply buy the needed materials, such as seeds and a juicer, separately.
The most nutrient-dense wheatgrass is grown in very healthy soil, so always make sure to purchase organic soil whenever possible. Keep in mind it’s important to clean all equipment thoroughly to prevent bacteria growth, which can sometimes be the case with fresh grasses or sprouts.
Once you grow your own wheatgrass, you’ll need to use either a juicer (the preferred method) or a high-speed blender to freshly press the grass into liquid form. A small amount of wheatgrass goes a long way, and making your own juice will save you lots of money in the long run. Wheatgrass shots tend to be expensive when store-bought.
If you prefer not to grow your own wheatgrass, you can easily find fresh wheatgrass at juice bars and health stores. You can also look for a store-bought green powder mix that contains dried wheatgrass. These products tend to combine a dozen or more different grasses and high-antioxidant foods into one. They are easy to use and can save you lots of time.
Supplements and Dosage
How much wheatgrass juice should you drink a day?
Many people start with one ounce per day and then, after a week or so, move up to two ounces. A standard dose or range of doses for wheatgrass has not been established so an appropriate dose can depend on your age and health status.
Always read wheatgrass supplement directions carefully for dosage recommendations and speak with your health care provider if you feel unsure about the best dosage for you.
Risks and Side Effects
Although research exists showing the benefits of wheatgrass, there have still not been many long-term studies showing possible interactions of wheatgrass or revealing much information about whether or not it might trigger allergies in some people.
People who are allergic to other grasses may also be allergic to wheatgrass. As a result of cross-contamination and cross-pollination, it’s possible for wheatgrass to contain the pollen of other plants. If you have plant allergies, talk to your doctor before using wheatgrass products.
Most of the wheatgrass benefits we know about come from people who have used it for years and can attest to its positive effects. However, not every claim can be backed up yet with well-controlled scientific studies. Overall, it’s best to use wheatgrass as part of a balanced, healthy diet and not in place of whole vegetables or fruits.
That being said, wheatgrass is generally considered safe when taken by mouth in medicinal amounts for up to 18 months or when applied to the skin as a cream for up to six weeks. The safety of long-term use of wheatgrass as medicine is still unclear. What are the side effects of wheatgrass? Known wheatgrass side effects can include nausea, appetite loss and/or constipation.
Wheatgrass is a raw food.
It’s usually grown in soil or water and consumed without being cooked. That means it could be contaminated with food-borne bacteria or mold in rare cases. If you’re pregnant, it might be best to either grow your own or avoid consuming it. If you have a known allergy to other grasses, wheat or ingredients commonly found in supplements, then always check with your doctor before using wheatgrass.
Wheatgrass is gluten-free when harvested from a growing wheat plant without any seeds. However, if you have celiac disease or a wheat allergy, your doctor may likely want you to avoid wheatgrass entirely due to the chances of cross-contamination. If you have a sensitivity to gluten, you should only use wheatgrass products that are certified gluten-free so you can get the wheatgrass benefits without the gluten.
Are there any other potential wheatgrass dangers? Wheatgrass may also lower blood sugar levels so people with health conditions such as diabetes should check with their doctors before using it. For this reason, you should also stop taking wheatgrass at least two weeks before any scheduled surgery.
Final Thoughts
August 20, 2024
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- What Is Wheatgrass?
- Nutrition Facts
- Benefits
- Wheatgrass vs. Barley Grass
- Where to Find and How to Use
- Supplements and Dosage
- Risks and Side Effects
Most of us know by now that we need to be eating fresh fruits and veggies every day in abundance for optimal health and detoxification. However, for many people this isn’t as easy as it might seem. While it isn’t meant to replace eating fresh vegetables, wheatgrass benefits provide numerous antioxidants and other nutrients, all in one small, easy-to-drink glass.
With a history of use over 5,000 years old, wheatgrass was loved by the ancient Egyptians for its beneficial effects on their health and vitality. Centuries later, people are still loving this nutrient-rich grass, nicknamed “green blood,” for its high chlorophyll content and numerous wheatgrass benefits it can provide.
What Is Wheatgrass?
Wheatgrass is the young grass of the common wheat plant called Triticum aestivum. This edible grass is either juiced into a “wheatgrass shot” or milled down into a fine green powder that’s used to create a multipurpose product for both humans and animals.
What does wheatgrass taste like? It definitely does taste grassy and also mildly sweet.
Can you eat wheatgrass raw? You can eat the young sprouts whole and raw, but more often they are juiced raw and consumed as a liquid. There are some other options as well.
Wheatgrass can be consumed on its own or used in combination with other juices or supplements. Now considered to be a “superfood,” several forms of wheatgrass that are available. This includes wheatgrass juice, capsules, powder, pills and tablets.
The best way to consume wheatgrass is in juice form (“shots” as they’re called). You can either visit an establishment that sells freshly made wheatgrass shots or try making them on your own (more on this below).
If you aren’t able to find fresh wheatgrass, wheatgrass powder makes a good second option. If convenience is what you’re really after, high-quality (pure) wheatgrass tablets are certainly beneficial as well.
Nutrition Facts
While most wheatgrass “shots” also include freshly juiced vegetables and fruit, wheatgrass powder is pure wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum).
According to the USDA, one scoop (2.7 g) of organic superfood booster wheatgrass powder (by KOS Inc.) contains:
- Calories: 10
- Total Carbohydrates: 1 g
- Fiber: 0 g
- Sugar: 0 g
- Total Fat: 0 g
- Saturated Fat: 0 g
- Polyunsaturated Fat: 0 g
- Monounsaturated Fat: 0 g
- Trans Fat: 0 g
- Protein: 1 g
- Cholesterol: 0 mg
- Sodium: 10 mg (0.4% DV*)
- Iron: 1 mg (6% DV)
- Calcium: 15 mg (1% DV)
*Daily Value: Percentages are based on a diet of 2,000 calories a day.
Wheatgrass also contains many other nutrients, in particular chlorophyll and antioxidants like flavonoids and phenolic acid.
Chlorophyll is the substance that gives wheatgrass its signature, bright green color. Like other nutrient-dense greens, it’s used in the human body for a number of important processes. It’s a natural liver cleanser and detoxifier, acts like an antioxidant to reduce free radical damage, is a blood strengthener (it has a similar chemical composition to that of hemoglobin), and can help give you a boost in energy.
Wheatgrass is known to be used in Ayurveda for its purifying and rejuvenating effects. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), wheatgrass is used to tonify the spleen, boost digestion and help drain dampness in the body. TCM practitioners sometimes use wheatgrass interchangeably with barley grass. In TCM, wheatgrass may be fermented first before being dried. In traditional medicine, wheatgrass has often been used to treat stomach ailments.
Benefits1.
Alkalizing the body and boosting nutrient absorption
Wheatgrass provides vital alkalizing benefits for the body, along with increasing absorption of nutrients like electrolytes, vitamin C and vitamin E.
If you want to prevent chronic diseases from flourishing in your body as you get older, creating an alkaline environment is essential. Acidosis (high levels of acid resulting from low alkalinity) is an all-too-common problem today, due to toxicity from the environment along with many people eating highly processed foods.
What gives wheatgrass the ability to prevent acidosis?
Chlorophyll is primarily responsible. Chlorophyll has been shown to help naturally balance the body’s pH level and protect cells. This is one of the reasons that chlorophyll consumption is associated with anti-aging effects ranging from younger-looking skin to better weight management.
Will wheatgrass help me lose weight?
Possibly!
A study published in the journal Appetite in 2013 found that adding chlorophyll-containing compounds to high-carbohydrate meals suppresses hunger motivation and increases signals of satiety. Overall, adding chlorophyll-rich substances to meals appears to reduce food intake and prevent compensational eating later in the day, which may help to reduce body weight over time.
2. Lowering free radical damage
Wheatgrass benefits including having strong antioxidant capabilities. It can also lower oxidation/free radical damage that causes aging and contribute to disease formation.
Animal studies have found that wheatgrass can significantly inhibit lipid peroxidation in the liver and protect mitochondria within cells. This is tied to reduced inflammation levels and lower risk for diseases like cancer, liver disease and heart disease.
Research regarding the antioxidant levels (ORAC values) of various “superfoods” has found that wheatgrass has an ORAC score “higher than those reported for many other natural extracts or vegetables.”
Work done by the Department of Pharmacology at Gajara Raja Medical College in India has shown that some of the antioxidants present in wheatgrass include:
- phenolic compounds
- flavonoids
- sulfonic acid
- DPPH (1,1′-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)
- triterpenoids
- anthraquinol
- alkaloids
- tannins
- saponins
3. Raising immunity and cancer protection
Studies have found that wheatgrass demonstrates anti-cancer potential. It seems to do so through the mechanism of inducing apoptosis (self-destruction of cancerous cells).
According to research done by the Integrated Oncology and Palliative Care Unit in Israel, wheatgrass can be effectively used in holistic cancer treatment programs (even those that also use conventional treatments like chemotherapy). It also can be used for cancer prevention. (7)
Its benefits for overall immune function include regulating immunological activity and fighting oxidative stress that contributes to cell mutations.
Clinical trials show that wheatgrass may also help attenuate chemotherapy-related side effects, such as fatigue, malabsorption and deficiencies. Other than helping to prevent and treat cancer, clinical trials show that wheatgrass may induce synergistic benefits to those with other immune-related conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, hematological diseases, diabetes and obesity.
A study published in 2017 analyzed the effects of an aqueous wheatgrass extract on an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Over just a 24-hour period, the researchers found that the wheatgrass extract had an inhibitory effect on the oral cancer cell line proliferation.
The study points out how the anti-cancer benefits of wheatgrass are likely related to its high content of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase and cytochrome oxidase. These have the ability to convert free radicals like reactive oxygen species to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen molecules. More studies are warranted, but this one suggests that wheatgrass may help to slow the growth of oral cancer.
Another in vitro study published in 2016 demonstrates the possibility that wheatgrass benefits cancer of the colon. This study found that wheatgrass slowed the progression of colon cancer and even caused some cancer cells to die. The researchers conclude that “the aqueous extract of wheatgrass represents a potential plant based anti-cancer agent.” (A 2024 review of how wheatgrass can impact colorectal cancer stated that further study was warranted.)
4. Lowering high cholesterol and triglycerides
Does wheatgrass lower cholesterol? Studies conducted at Sharma University of Health Sciences in India showed that wheatgrass is a medicinal plant for the heart and blood vessels. It can be effective in treating hyperlipidemia. In fact, it helps lower high cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
One study examined the effects of wheatgrass given to rabbits eating a high-fat diet that induced hyperlipidemia. Thirty rabbits were divided into three groups: one receiving a control diet, one receiving a high-fat diet and a group receiving a high-fat diet together with wheatgrass over a period of 10 weeks.
Fasting serum samples from the animals were analyzed for total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione and vitamin C, and the results were compared. The high-fat diet resulted in hyperlipidemia and an increase in oxidative stress, along with lowered glutathione antioxidant levels and lowered vitamin C.
However, wheatgrass supplementation taken along with a high-fat diet resulted in improved lipid levels (decreased total cholesterol and increased HDL-C). Wheatgrass also significantly reduced MDA levels and increased glutathione and vitamin C levels.
Wheatgrass vs. Barley Grass
Wheatgrass and barley grass are two different kinds of young cereal grasses that are both commonly drank as a fresh juice or are taken in powdered form. Barley grass is from the young shoots of the barley plant, while wheatgrass is from the young shoots of the wheat plant.
Wheatgrass and barley grass are both great sources of chlorophyll. They also both contain a wide array of nutrients, including vitamins, minerals antioxidants and amino acids. People typically consider barley grass as having a more mild taste than wheatgrass.
These grasses are often used with similar health goals in mind. For example, both are high in antioxidants, making them great free radical scavengers.
Where to Find and How to Use
You can find wheatgrass fresh, as tablets or capsules, frozen juice and powder form at stores or online. No matter what your current state of health is, you can benefit from adding wheatgrass — especially fresh wheatgrass juice — to your daily diet.
Growing your own wheatgrass is easy, affordable and the very best way to get fresh wheatgrass regularly. Once you have access to your own wheatgrass, you can add a small amount daily to drinks, smoothies, plain water or other recipes. This is a great way to get all of your chlorophyll and veggies in one shot, literally!
If you want to grow your own wheatgrass, wheatgrass starter kits can be purchased online for little money. You might choose to buy a wheatgrass kit that includes a bundle of things you’ll need or simply buy the needed materials, such as seeds and a juicer, separately.
The most nutrient-dense wheatgrass is grown in very healthy soil, so always make sure to purchase organic soil whenever possible. Keep in mind it’s important to clean all equipment thoroughly to prevent bacteria growth, which can sometimes be the case with fresh grasses or sprouts.
Once you grow your own wheatgrass, you’ll need to use either a juicer (the preferred method) or a high-speed blender to freshly press the grass into liquid form. A small amount of wheatgrass goes a long way, and making your own juice will save you lots of money in the long run. Wheatgrass shots tend to be expensive when store-bought.
If you prefer not to grow your own wheatgrass, you can easily find fresh wheatgrass at juice bars and health stores. You can also look for a store-bought green powder mix that contains dried wheatgrass. These products tend to combine a dozen or more different grasses and high-antioxidant foods into one. They are easy to use and can save you lots of time.
Supplements and Dosage
How much wheatgrass juice should you drink a day?
Many people start with one ounce per day and then, after a week or so, move up to two ounces. A standard dose or range of doses for wheatgrass has not been established so an appropriate dose can depend on your age and health status.
Always read wheatgrass supplement directions carefully for dosage recommendations and speak with your health care provider if you feel unsure about the best dosage for you.
Risks and Side Effects
Although research exists showing the benefits of wheatgrass, there have still not been many long-term studies showing possible interactions of wheatgrass or revealing much information about whether or not it might trigger allergies in some people.
People who are allergic to other grasses may also be allergic to wheatgrass. As a result of cross-contamination and cross-pollination, it’s possible for wheatgrass to contain the pollen of other plants. If you have plant allergies, talk to your doctor before using wheatgrass products.
Most of the wheatgrass benefits we know about come from people who have used it for years and can attest to its positive effects. However, not every claim can be backed up yet with well-controlled scientific studies. Overall, it’s best to use wheatgrass as part of a balanced, healthy diet and not in place of whole vegetables or fruits.
That being said, wheatgrass is generally considered safe when taken by mouth in medicinal amounts for up to 18 months or when applied to the skin as a cream for up to six weeks. The safety of long-term use of wheatgrass as medicine is still unclear. What are the side effects of wheatgrass? Known wheatgrass side effects can include nausea, appetite loss and/or constipation.
Wheatgrass is a raw food.
It’s usually grown in soil or water and consumed without being cooked. That means it could be contaminated with food-borne bacteria or mold in rare cases. If you’re pregnant, it might be best to either grow your own or avoid consuming it. If you have a known allergy to other grasses, wheat or ingredients commonly found in supplements, then always check with your doctor before using wheatgrass.
Wheatgrass is gluten-free when harvested from a growing wheat plant without any seeds. However, if you have celiac disease or a wheat allergy, your doctor may likely want you to avoid wheatgrass entirely due to the chances of cross-contamination. If you have a sensitivity to gluten, you should only use wheatgrass products that are certified gluten-free so you can get the wheatgrass benefits without the gluten.
Are there any other potential wheatgrass dangers? Wheatgrass may also lower blood sugar levels so people with health conditions such as diabetes should check with their doctors before using it. For this reason, you should also stop taking wheatgrass at least two weeks before any scheduled surgery.
Final Thoughts
- Wheatgrass is the young grass of the common wheat plant called Triticum aestivum.
- Wheatgrass benefits comes from all of its many healthy components, including its high content of chlorophyll, antioxidants, vitamins, minerals and amino acids.
- What benefits does wheatgrass have? There are so many with some of the top research-based wheatgrass benefits being its ability to decrease disease-causing free radicals, lower cholesterol and fight cancer. It may even help with weight loss.
- Does wheatgrass detox your body? With its high chlorophyll content, many people love to use wheatgrass for its detoxifying effects.
- You can buy wheatgrass fresh or in supplement form, or you can grow wheatgrass at home so you can juice it anytime!
- Overall, it’s best to use wheatgrass as part of a balanced, healthy diet and not in place of whole vegetables or fruits.
🌸
🌸
C A N C E R
Cure Cancer
Cure with Wheatgrass
Cancer... / Dr. Circus
Cancer Risk / At Home
Cancer & Vitamin C
Dr. Leonard Caldwel
Ginger & Cancer
Hot Dog = Cancer
Potato Chips
Thyme Oil / Chamomile
7 Top Cancer Foods
http://www.kindness2.com/truth-about-cancer.html
🌸
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/wheatgrass-benefits#TOC_TITLE_HDR_3
🌸
Cure Cancer
Cure with Wheatgrass
Cancer... / Dr. Circus
Cancer Risk / At Home
Cancer & Vitamin C
Dr. Leonard Caldwel
Ginger & Cancer
Hot Dog = Cancer
Potato Chips
Thyme Oil / Chamomile
7 Top Cancer Foods
http://www.kindness2.com/truth-about-cancer.html
🌸
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/wheatgrass-benefits#TOC_TITLE_HDR_3
🌸
🌸
A Wheatgrass Juicer
🌸
A Wheatgrass Juicer
🌸
Wheatgrass is an excellent source of many different vitamins and minerals. It is especially high in vitamins A, C and E, as well as iron, magnesium, calcium and amino acids.
Of its 17 amino acids, eight are considered essential, meaning your body cannot produce them and you must obtain them from food sources (1Trusted Source).
Like all green plants, wheatgrass also consists of chlorophyll, a type of green plant pigment associated with many health benefits (2Trusted Source).
It also contains several important antioxidants, including glutathione and vitamins C and E (3Trusted Source).
Antioxidants are compounds that fight free radicals to prevent cell damage and reduce oxidative stress.
Some studies have found that antioxidants may help protect against certain conditions, such as heart disease, cancer, arthritis and neurodegenerative diseases (4Trusted Source).
In one study, wheatgrass decreased oxidative stress and improved cholesterol levels in rabbits fed a high-fat diet.
Additionally, supplementing with wheatgrass increased levels of the antioxidants glutathione and vitamin C (5Trusted Source).
Another test-tube study that evaluated the antioxidant activity of wheatgrass found it reduced oxidative damage to cells (6Trusted Source).
Given that the research on wheatgrass is limited to test-tube and animal studies, more studies are needed to determine how its antioxidants may affect humans.
Summary
Wheatgrass is high in chlorophyll and many
vitamins, minerals and amino acids. Test-tube and animal studies have found
that its antioxidant content may prevent oxidative stress and cell damage.
Noom’s 5–minute quiz unlocks a weight loss program customized for you – now with GLP-1 options – so you can manage your health and form habits that last
2. May Reduce Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a waxy substance found throughout the body. While you need some cholesterol to make hormones and produce bile, too much cholesterol in your blood can block blood flow and increase your risk of heart disease.
Several animal studies have found that wheatgrass may help lower cholesterol levels.
In one study, rats with high cholesterol were given wheatgrass juice. They experienced decreased levels of total cholesterol, “bad” LDL cholesterol and triglycerides.
Interestingly, the effects of wheatgrass were similar to those of atorvastatin, a prescription drug commonly used to treat high blood cholesterol (7Trusted Source).
Another study looked at its effects in rabbits fed a high-fat diet. After 10 weeks, supplementing with wheatgrass helped lower total cholesterol and increase “good” HDL cholesterol, compared to a control group (5Trusted Source).
Despite these promising results, further studies are needed to determine how wheatgrass supplements may affect cholesterol levels in humans.
Summary Some animal studies have found that wheatgrass
may help lower blood cholesterol levels, but human studies are needed.
3. Could Help Kill Cancer Cells
Thanks to its high antioxidant content, some test-tube studies have found that wheatgrass may help kill cancer cells.
According to one test-tube study, wheatgrass extract decreased the spread of mouth cancer cells by 41% (8Trusted Source).
In another test-tube study, wheatgrass induced cell death and reduced the number of leukemia cells by up to 65% within three days of treatment (9Trusted Source).
Some research indicates that wheatgrass juice may also help, when combined with traditional cancer treatment, minimize adverse effects.
One study found that wheatgrass juice decreased the risk of impaired bone marrow function, a common complication of chemotherapy, in 60 people with breast cancer (10Trusted Source).
However, there is still no evidence on the potential anti-cancer effects of wheatgrass in humans. More studies are needed to understand how it may impact cancer development in people.
Summary Test-tube studies show that wheatgrass may help
kill cancer cells and reduce cancer development. Also, one human study found
that it may reduce complications of chemotherapy.
4. May Aid in Blood Sugar Regulation
High blood sugar can cause a wide array of symptoms, including headaches, thirst, frequent urination and fatigue.
Over time, high blood sugar can have serious consequences like nerve damage, skin infections and vision problems.
Some animal studies have found that wheatgrass may help keep blood sugar levels under control.
In one study, giving wheatgrass to diabetic rats modified levels of certain enzymes that help lower blood sugar levels (11Trusted Source).
Another study found that treating diabetic rats with wheatgrass extract for 30 days resulted in significantly decreased blood sugar levels (12Trusted Source).
Research on wheatgrass’ effects on blood sugar is limited to animals. More studies are needed to understand how it may affect blood sugar in humans.
Summary Some animal studies have found that wheatgrass
may help decrease blood sugar levels, though more human studies are needed.
5. May Alleviate Inflammation
Inflammation is a normal response triggered by the immune system to protect the body against injury and infection.
However, chronic inflammation is believed to contribute to conditions like cancer, heart disease and autoimmune disorders (13Trusted Source).
Some research shows that wheatgrass and its components may help reduce inflammation.
One small study in 23 people looked at the effects of wheatgrass juice on ulcerative colitis, a disease characterized by inflammation in the large intestine.
Drinking just under 1/2 cup (100 ml) of wheatgrass juice for one month reduced disease severity and rectal bleeding in patients with ulcerative colitis (14Trusted Source).
Wheatgrass is also rich in chlorophyll, a plant pigment with powerful anti-inflammatory properties. One test-tube study showed that chlorophyll inhibited the activity of a specific protein that triggers inflammation (15Trusted Source).
Furthermore, another test-tube study found that the compounds in chlorophyll reduced inflammation in cells extracted from the arteries (16Trusted Source).
Most research is focused on certain compounds in wheatgrass or the effects of wheatgrass on a particular condition. More studies are needed to measure its potential anti-inflammatory effects on the general population.
Summary One study found that wheatgrass may help treat
ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease. Additionally, test-tube
studies have found that chlorophyll, a compound found in wheatgrass, may also
decrease inflammation.
6. Could Help Promote Weight Loss
Many people have started adding wheatgrass juice to their diet as a quick and convenient way to boost weight loss.
Wheatgrass contains thylakoids, which are tiny compartments found in plants that contain chlorophyll and absorb sunlight for photosynthesis.
While there is no evidence that wheatgrass itself could increase weight loss, several studies have found that supplementing with thylakoids could enhance satiety and increase weight loss.
In one small study, supplementing a high-carb meal with thylakoids intensified feelings of satiety, compared to a placebo (17Trusted Source).
Similarly, a study in rats showed that supplementing with thylakoids increased satiety by slowing down the emptying of the stomach and increasing the release of hormones that decrease hunger (18Trusted Source).
Another study found that giving thylakoids to rats on a high-fat diet resulted in decreased food intake and body weight, compared to a control group (19Trusted Source).
However, keep in mind that thylakoids can also be found in many other food sources, including green vegetables and leafy greens like spinach, kale and lettuce.
What’s more, these studies used concentrations of thylakoids that were much greater than the concentrations typically found in wheatgrass.
There is also no research on the effects of wheatgrass on weight loss specifically. Further studies are needed to look at its effects on weight loss in humans.
Summary Human and animal studies have found that the
thylakoids in wheatgrass and other green vegetables may increase satiety and
weight loss.
7. Easy to Add to Your Diet
Wheatgrass is widely available in powder, juice and capsule form and can easily be found at health food shops and specialty grocery stores.
Furthermore, if you are able to grow wheatgrass at home, you can use a juicer to make your own wheatgrass juice.
Besides drinking wheatgrass juice, you can use the juice or powder to boost the nutritional content of your favorite green smoothies.
You can also mix wheatgrass juice into salad dressings, teas or other beverages.
Summary Wheatgrass is available as a juice, powder or
supplement and can be consumed in a variety of ways. It’s quite easy to add to
your diet.
Precautions and Side Effects
Wheatgrass is generally considered safe for those with celiac disease or a sensitivity to gluten. This is because only the seeds of the wheat kernel contain gluten — not the grass.
However, if you do have a sensitivity to gluten, it’s best to consult your doctor before consuming wheatgrass or stick to products that are certified gluten-free.
Wheatgrass is also very susceptible to mold if you’re growing it at home. If it has a bitter taste or shows signs of spoilage, err on the side of caution and discard it.
Finally, some people report symptoms like nausea, headaches or diarrhea after consuming wheatgrass in juice or supplement form. If you experience these or any other adverse effects, it’s best to decrease your intake.
If negative symptoms persist, consider talking to a healthcare practitioner or eliminating wheatgrass from your diet altogether.
Summary
Wheatgrass is considered gluten-free, but special
precautions should be taken if you have a gluten sensitivity. It’s also
susceptible to mold growth and may cause negative symptoms in some people.
The Bottom Line
Wheatgrass and its components have been associated with many health benefits, including weight loss, decreased inflammation, lower cholesterol and better blood sugar control.
However, research on its effects in humans is lacking, and many studies are focused solely on its specific compounds.
Although more studies are needed to confirm the benefits of wheatgrass, drinking it as part of a well-balanced diet could help provide some extra nutrients and several health benefits.
Of its 17 amino acids, eight are considered essential, meaning your body cannot produce them and you must obtain them from food sources (1Trusted Source).
Like all green plants, wheatgrass also consists of chlorophyll, a type of green plant pigment associated with many health benefits (2Trusted Source).
It also contains several important antioxidants, including glutathione and vitamins C and E (3Trusted Source).
Antioxidants are compounds that fight free radicals to prevent cell damage and reduce oxidative stress.
Some studies have found that antioxidants may help protect against certain conditions, such as heart disease, cancer, arthritis and neurodegenerative diseases (4Trusted Source).
In one study, wheatgrass decreased oxidative stress and improved cholesterol levels in rabbits fed a high-fat diet.
Additionally, supplementing with wheatgrass increased levels of the antioxidants glutathione and vitamin C (5Trusted Source).
Another test-tube study that evaluated the antioxidant activity of wheatgrass found it reduced oxidative damage to cells (6Trusted Source).
Given that the research on wheatgrass is limited to test-tube and animal studies, more studies are needed to determine how its antioxidants may affect humans.
Summary
Wheatgrass is high in chlorophyll and many
vitamins, minerals and amino acids. Test-tube and animal studies have found
that its antioxidant content may prevent oxidative stress and cell damage.
Noom’s 5–minute quiz unlocks a weight loss program customized for you – now with GLP-1 options – so you can manage your health and form habits that last
2. May Reduce Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a waxy substance found throughout the body. While you need some cholesterol to make hormones and produce bile, too much cholesterol in your blood can block blood flow and increase your risk of heart disease.
Several animal studies have found that wheatgrass may help lower cholesterol levels.
In one study, rats with high cholesterol were given wheatgrass juice. They experienced decreased levels of total cholesterol, “bad” LDL cholesterol and triglycerides.
Interestingly, the effects of wheatgrass were similar to those of atorvastatin, a prescription drug commonly used to treat high blood cholesterol (7Trusted Source).
Another study looked at its effects in rabbits fed a high-fat diet. After 10 weeks, supplementing with wheatgrass helped lower total cholesterol and increase “good” HDL cholesterol, compared to a control group (5Trusted Source).
Despite these promising results, further studies are needed to determine how wheatgrass supplements may affect cholesterol levels in humans.
Summary Some animal studies have found that wheatgrass
may help lower blood cholesterol levels, but human studies are needed.
3. Could Help Kill Cancer Cells
Thanks to its high antioxidant content, some test-tube studies have found that wheatgrass may help kill cancer cells.
According to one test-tube study, wheatgrass extract decreased the spread of mouth cancer cells by 41% (8Trusted Source).
In another test-tube study, wheatgrass induced cell death and reduced the number of leukemia cells by up to 65% within three days of treatment (9Trusted Source).
Some research indicates that wheatgrass juice may also help, when combined with traditional cancer treatment, minimize adverse effects.
One study found that wheatgrass juice decreased the risk of impaired bone marrow function, a common complication of chemotherapy, in 60 people with breast cancer (10Trusted Source).
However, there is still no evidence on the potential anti-cancer effects of wheatgrass in humans. More studies are needed to understand how it may impact cancer development in people.
Summary Test-tube studies show that wheatgrass may help
kill cancer cells and reduce cancer development. Also, one human study found
that it may reduce complications of chemotherapy.
4. May Aid in Blood Sugar Regulation
High blood sugar can cause a wide array of symptoms, including headaches, thirst, frequent urination and fatigue.
Over time, high blood sugar can have serious consequences like nerve damage, skin infections and vision problems.
Some animal studies have found that wheatgrass may help keep blood sugar levels under control.
In one study, giving wheatgrass to diabetic rats modified levels of certain enzymes that help lower blood sugar levels (11Trusted Source).
Another study found that treating diabetic rats with wheatgrass extract for 30 days resulted in significantly decreased blood sugar levels (12Trusted Source).
Research on wheatgrass’ effects on blood sugar is limited to animals. More studies are needed to understand how it may affect blood sugar in humans.
Summary Some animal studies have found that wheatgrass
may help decrease blood sugar levels, though more human studies are needed.
5. May Alleviate Inflammation
Inflammation is a normal response triggered by the immune system to protect the body against injury and infection.
However, chronic inflammation is believed to contribute to conditions like cancer, heart disease and autoimmune disorders (13Trusted Source).
Some research shows that wheatgrass and its components may help reduce inflammation.
One small study in 23 people looked at the effects of wheatgrass juice on ulcerative colitis, a disease characterized by inflammation in the large intestine.
Drinking just under 1/2 cup (100 ml) of wheatgrass juice for one month reduced disease severity and rectal bleeding in patients with ulcerative colitis (14Trusted Source).
Wheatgrass is also rich in chlorophyll, a plant pigment with powerful anti-inflammatory properties. One test-tube study showed that chlorophyll inhibited the activity of a specific protein that triggers inflammation (15Trusted Source).
Furthermore, another test-tube study found that the compounds in chlorophyll reduced inflammation in cells extracted from the arteries (16Trusted Source).
Most research is focused on certain compounds in wheatgrass or the effects of wheatgrass on a particular condition. More studies are needed to measure its potential anti-inflammatory effects on the general population.
Summary One study found that wheatgrass may help treat
ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease. Additionally, test-tube
studies have found that chlorophyll, a compound found in wheatgrass, may also
decrease inflammation.
6. Could Help Promote Weight Loss
Many people have started adding wheatgrass juice to their diet as a quick and convenient way to boost weight loss.
Wheatgrass contains thylakoids, which are tiny compartments found in plants that contain chlorophyll and absorb sunlight for photosynthesis.
While there is no evidence that wheatgrass itself could increase weight loss, several studies have found that supplementing with thylakoids could enhance satiety and increase weight loss.
In one small study, supplementing a high-carb meal with thylakoids intensified feelings of satiety, compared to a placebo (17Trusted Source).
Similarly, a study in rats showed that supplementing with thylakoids increased satiety by slowing down the emptying of the stomach and increasing the release of hormones that decrease hunger (18Trusted Source).
Another study found that giving thylakoids to rats on a high-fat diet resulted in decreased food intake and body weight, compared to a control group (19Trusted Source).
However, keep in mind that thylakoids can also be found in many other food sources, including green vegetables and leafy greens like spinach, kale and lettuce.
What’s more, these studies used concentrations of thylakoids that were much greater than the concentrations typically found in wheatgrass.
There is also no research on the effects of wheatgrass on weight loss specifically. Further studies are needed to look at its effects on weight loss in humans.
Summary Human and animal studies have found that the
thylakoids in wheatgrass and other green vegetables may increase satiety and
weight loss.
7. Easy to Add to Your Diet
Wheatgrass is widely available in powder, juice and capsule form and can easily be found at health food shops and specialty grocery stores.
Furthermore, if you are able to grow wheatgrass at home, you can use a juicer to make your own wheatgrass juice.
Besides drinking wheatgrass juice, you can use the juice or powder to boost the nutritional content of your favorite green smoothies.
You can also mix wheatgrass juice into salad dressings, teas or other beverages.
Summary Wheatgrass is available as a juice, powder or
supplement and can be consumed in a variety of ways. It’s quite easy to add to
your diet.
Precautions and Side Effects
Wheatgrass is generally considered safe for those with celiac disease or a sensitivity to gluten. This is because only the seeds of the wheat kernel contain gluten — not the grass.
However, if you do have a sensitivity to gluten, it’s best to consult your doctor before consuming wheatgrass or stick to products that are certified gluten-free.
Wheatgrass is also very susceptible to mold if you’re growing it at home. If it has a bitter taste or shows signs of spoilage, err on the side of caution and discard it.
Finally, some people report symptoms like nausea, headaches or diarrhea after consuming wheatgrass in juice or supplement form. If you experience these or any other adverse effects, it’s best to decrease your intake.
If negative symptoms persist, consider talking to a healthcare practitioner or eliminating wheatgrass from your diet altogether.
Summary
Wheatgrass is considered gluten-free, but special
precautions should be taken if you have a gluten sensitivity. It’s also
susceptible to mold growth and may cause negative symptoms in some people.
The Bottom Line
Wheatgrass and its components have been associated with many health benefits, including weight loss, decreased inflammation, lower cholesterol and better blood sugar control.
However, research on its effects in humans is lacking, and many studies are focused solely on its specific compounds.
Although more studies are needed to confirm the benefits of wheatgrass, drinking it as part of a well-balanced diet could help provide some extra nutrients and several health benefits.
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'Science-Direct' Article
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Wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum):
A miraculous microgreen:
An overview.
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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772566924000375
🌸
'Science-Direct' Article
🌸
Wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum):
A miraculous microgreen:
An overview.
🌸
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772566924000375
🌸
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Wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum):
A miraculous microgreen ...
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Wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum):
A miraculous microgreen ...
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By ... Neetu Mishra a, Renu Tripathi b, Dhananjay Pandey c, Kamal Shah d, Nagendra Singh Chauhan e
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfutfo.2024.07.003Get rights and content
Under a Creative Commons license
Plants have been utilized by humans throughout history for a variety of purposes, including sustenance and medicinal intentions. Since ancient times, wheatgrass has been utilized as a type of microgreen for therapeutic purposes.
Phenolic flavonoids, vitamins, minerals, proteins and enzymes are all abundant in wheatgrass.
These nutrients and bioactive substances enhanced wheatgrass's therapeutic efficacy and made it a powerful antioxidant agent for the treatment of a range of diseases. It has been shown to have a wide variety of pharmacological potentials, including an antioxidative potential that helps to neutralize free radicals, anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, anti-diabetic, anti-arthritic, anti-microbial action, and many more.
However, there is a dearth of scientific evidence to back up wheatgrass's possible pharmacological effects and clinical value. To investigate its clinical utility for human welfare, in-depth research studies are needed. Through this analysis of the review literature, an attempt has been made to explain wheatgrass and its therapeutic potentials.
Keywords Microgreen
Wheatgrass
Antioxidant activity
Nutritive value
Bioactives1.
Introduction
Microgreens are young and tender, edible seedlings that are harvested after the cotyledonary leaves have fully developed and the first true leaves emerge[1].
Microgreens, are nutrient-dense seedlings that can provide beneficial nutritional and health qualities in relatively small consumption quantities to mature veggies, are gradually drawing commercial attention on a global scale[[2], [3]].
Microgreens, also referred to as “vegetable confetti,” are developed from a wide range of commercial food crops, including grains, herbs, and vegetables, and they are made up of completely grown cotyledons with or without partially expanded true leaves[4].
Despite their small size, these valuable microvegetables showcase noteworthy sensory qualities like flavour, texture, aroma, appearance, exotic colours and unique hues.
They are also overloaded with a multitude of different phytonutrients, which vary depending on the nature of plants employed to generate the microgreens[5]. The usage of various microgreens employed as garnishes to improve salads, soups, sandwiches, and other culinary inventories, has sparked the interest of consumers in microgreens.
However, owing to its intriguing quality characteristics, their use has been extended to enrich the diet of a particular group of demanding consumers[6]. The microgreens are referred to as the next generation of “superfoods” or “functional foods” as they possess a wide array of health-promoting phytonutrients, including antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, phenolic compounds, and numerous additional health-promoting substances.
Microgreens can be easily cultivated in a relatively simple manner, even in extremely small spaces, and are appropriate for both urban agriculture and space life support systems[7]. Therefore, incorporating microgreens into daily meals may thereby improve the nutritional value and assist consumers in obtaining better health benefits.
Phytotherapeutic plants and microgreens have gained prominence over the recent decades, with implications across the global healthcare system and international trade.
The immature shoots of the wheat plant Triticum aestivum, which are harvested when they are less than 15 days old, are referred to as wheatgrass (Table 1, Table 2).
These vibrant green grass blades are typically consumed as a nutrient-dense functional food or nutraceutical in the form of juice or powder[8]. In current scenario, wheatgrass has gained popularity as a healthy food due to its high content of vitamins including vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E, minerals such as iron, magnesium and calcium along with antioxidants and several bioactive compounds possessing potential health benefits viz., anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, cardiovascular protective and for good digestive health[[9], [10]].
Since, to its functional ingredients and high nutritional composition, wheatgrass may also have therapeutic properties which render it a miraculous microgreen for cure for various chronic ailments.
Although being widely used, there is not much information about the medicinal benefits of wheatgrass therefore further scientific study is needed to investigate the pharmacological potentials of this natural herbal microgreen.
Considering these facts, the goal of the current review is to offer comprehensive details on the nutritional compositions and pharmacological properties of this microgreen.
Table 1. Classification of wheatgrass.
Cultivation of wheatgrass
Wheatgrass is normally cultivated indoors on trays for medicinal purposes, though it can be grown outdoors. In order to the indoor cultivation of wheatgrass, good quality of wheat seeds are procured and cleaned properly, after that wheat grains are soaked in cold water for 12 h, after the water has been strained, they are tied in wet woven cotton cloth and hung for the next 12 h.
Water is sprinkled over the cotton cloth at least 3 times during the germination period. Wheat sprouts contain 4 times as much folic acid and 6 times as much vitamin C than unsprouted wheat. Sprouted wheat is sown in a shaded area, although wheat can grow in any environment, it is best to plant it in a shady place to avoid excessive nutrient loss from exposure to direct sunlight.
According to the literature, when the seeds are sowed, the grass develops slowly for the first 7 days before growing quickly during the next twelve to 15 days, reaching a length of 18−22 cm and being ready for harvest (Fig. 1)[11].
Fig. 1. Pictorial presentation of wheatgrass cultivation.
The nutritional composition of wheatgrass is influenced by several factors, namely the growing period, genetics, agronomic and environmental conditions, pH, light intensity, type of light exposure, temperature and minerals absorbed by the plant via roots[[12], [13], [14], [15]].
Such variations in the nutritional and physiochemical properties were well documented by Skoczylas et al.[16] in their study, where they found that fifteen days grown wheatgrass juice had increased level of chlorophylls, carotenoids, total polyphenols, and catalase activity than 10 days grown (Table 3).
They also found differences in some of the characteristics of the juices made from wheatgrass grown in summer and winter season.
In another study, Parit et al.[17] found that 16 days grown wheatgrass had maximum antioxidant activity than 6, 8 days grown. These observations clearly indicates that wheatgrass has maximum nutritional content at 12−15 days.
Table 3. Physicochemical activity of wheatgrass during different harvesting period[[16], [17]].
Parameters
Harvesting period of wheatgrass
Wheatgrass (10 days)Wheatgrass (15 days)Dry matter (g/kg)48.6748.80
Ash (g/kg)7.838.07
pH5.655.70
Total chlorophyll (mg/L)480.9565.0
Carotenoids (mg/L)94.5105.5
Total polyphenols (mg/L)983.6979.3
Flavonoids (mg/L)540.6553.6
2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (μmol Trolox/mL)8.089.07
2,2’-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) (μmol Trolox/mL)113.29106.17
Catalase (U/mL)84.92213.28
Peroxidase (U/mL)0.160.133.
Nutritional composition of wheatgrass
The proximate analysis of wheatgrass juice and powder is shown in Table 4. In addition to minerals including iron, calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, and sodium, wheatgrass provides a rich source of vitamins A, C and E. The B-complex vitamins, including as thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid, are also abundant in it (Table 5). Table 6 lists the necessary amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins that are present in wheatgrass.
These amino acids are essential for the development and maintenance of bodily tissues. Several antioxidant compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, chlorophyll and alkaloids are found in wheatgrass (Table 7, Table 8).
These bioactive substances aid in defending the body against the oxidative damage caused by free radicals, which can result in chronic illnesses. Chlorophyll, a plant-based green pigment, is abundant in wheatgrass.
Strong antioxidant properties of chlorophyll have been demonstrated to have an impact on cancer prevention, control of oxidative stress, enzyme activity, gene transcription, scavenge free radicals, chelate metals, and aid in the absorption of iron and other minerals and trace elements has also been demonstrated[14,16].
Wheatgrass contains a number of enzymes that help with digestion and nutritional absorption, including as oxidase, transhydrogenase, protease, amylase, and lipase. Wheatgrass's alkalizing properties aid to maintain a healthy pH level and lessen acidity in the body.
Table 4. Proximate analysis of wheatgrass powder and juice [13,[18], [19], [20], [21]].
NutrientWheatgrass powderWheatgrass juiceMoisture (g/100g)6.3093.4
Protein (g/100g)252.96
Fat (g/100g)0.90.3
Carbohydrate (g/100g)332.45
Dietry fibre (g/100g)300.1
Ash (g/100g)4.800.89
Chlorophyll (mg/100g)513.50360.3Table
5. Levels of vitamins and minerals in wheatgrass powder and juice[13,18,[22], [23], [24], [25], [26]].
Vitamins and mineralsWheatgrass powderWheatgrass juiceβ-Carotene182.46 μg/100g2.43 mg/100mL
Vitamin C14.4 mg/100g0.360 mg/100mL
Vitamin E9.146 3 mg/100g13.8 mg/L
Thiamine0.616 μg/g201.80 μg/mL
Riboflavin2.620 μg/g1.280 μg/mL
Vitamin B60.96 mg/100g4.660 μg/mL
Folic acid84 μg/100g28.900 μg/mL
Vitamin B1266 μg/100g7.660 μg/mL
Iron5.27 mg/100g0.59 mg/L
Calcium73.8 mg/100g39.2 mg/L
Magnesium24 mg/100g133.9 mg/L
Phosphorus36.66 mg/100g1 216.9 mg/L
Potassium147 mg/100g3 383.4 mg/L
Aluminum4.9 mg/100g0.31 mg/mL
Copper0.2 mg/100g0.007 mg/mL
Zinc3.90 mg/100g0.02 mg/mL
Sodium9.46 mg/100g6.83 mg/LTable 6. Amino acids profile in wheatgrass powder and juice[10,23].
Amino acidWheatgrass powder (mg/100g)Wheatgrass juice (μg/mL)Aspartic acid222510.3
Threonine105105.8
Serine242201.8
Glutamine242200.6
Proline9433.6
Glycine11720.6
Alanin137166.4
Valine125272.1
Methionine4314.0
Isoleucine88145.1
Leucine162101.0
Tyrosine50121.8
Phenylalanine108200.9
Lysine82174.5
Histidine45232.2
Tryptophan11160.1
Arginine111252.9Table 7. Photochemical screening from different solvent extracts of wheatgrass[27].
No.ParametersEthanolMethanolEthylacetateChloroformAqueous1Phenols+++++
2Flavonoids++++-
3Alkaloids+++++
4Tannins++--+
5Saponins+--++
6Glycosides++--+
7Steroids++---
8Terpenoids++---
Note: + indicates presence of compounds; - indicates absence of compounds.
Table 8. Phytochemical assessment and antioxidant activities of wheatgrass[11,12,14,28].
Parameters
Wheatgrass powder
Wheatgrass juice
Total phenolic17.95−38.49 mg GAE/g56.66 mg GAE/g
Total flavonoid10.56−30.64 mg QE/g4.4−10.1 mg QE/g
Chlorophyll513.50 mg/100 g360.3 mg/100 g
DPPH62.12%−82.53%13.5−17.3 μmol Trolox eq/mL
Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)7.84−35.45
mmol Fe2+/g7.78 mg PYE/g extract
Metal chelating activity (MCA)50.21%−87.79%25.59 μmol EDTA/g extract
Note: GAE: gallic acid equivalent; QE: quercetin equivalant; PYE, pyrogallol equivalent; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
4. Therapeutic properties of wheatgrass
Wheatgrass is a microgreen that has been utilized for its medicinal and nutritional benefits. Fresh wheatgrass is composed of chlorophyll, which has antioxidant and cancer-preventive and also known as "green blood" or "living blood".
Chlorophyllin, a chlorophyll derivative, demonstrated mitochondrial protection against oxidative damage. Apigenin, a flavonoid component, has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy[8,10]. Other well-known bioactive compounds of wheatgrass are rutin and quercetin possessing antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and numerous other pharmacological health benefits (Table 9).
Table 9. Physicochemical properties of major components of wheatgrass.
Chemical structure Molecular weight (g/mol)
Melting point (°C)Water solubility (mg/L) Physical stateReported pharmacological activities
References724.15152.3
Not available
Green powder
Antioxidant activity, chemoprotective potential,detoxifying agent[81]
610.5224212.5 Greenish yellow powder
Antioxidant activity,antidiabetic, anti-inflammotry activity, anticancer, anti-osteoarthritis[[82], [83], [84]]
270.24345−35018.3 Yellow crystal Antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, nephroprotective, antidepressant agent, cardiovascular disease prevention properties[[85], [86]]
302.23314−3160.001 Yellow powder Antioxidant, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-inflammation, anti-diabetic, as well as preventing asthma, cancer, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases[[87], [88]]
GAE. Gallic acid equivalent; QE. quercetin equivalants; EDT. ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
4.1. Wheatgrass and β-thalassemiaβ-Thalassemia syndrome describe a group of genetic blood disorders caused by decreased or absent synthesis of the β-globin chain, resulting in reduced amount of hemoglobin (Hb) in red blood cells (RBC), low RBC production and anemia[9]. The two key components of wheatgrass that are used to cure beta thalassemia are its pH value and chlorophyll concentration. Wheatgrass contains a good amount of chlorophyll and has the capacity to increase Hb level.
Since the pH of wheatgrass juice is a 7.4, same as that of human blood, because of this similarity, cholorophyll of wheatgrass is quickly absorbed into blood. Hb and chlorophyll have a tetraphyrrol ring in their chemical compositions.
The only chemical difference between them is that Hb has an iron porphyrin ring while chlorophyll has a magnesium porphyrin ring[29].
Consequently, wheatgrass may be a useful substitute for blood transfusions in thalassemia major and intermediate patients by increasing Hb levels, lengthening the time between blood transfusions, and decreasing the total amount of blood that is transfused[30]. In a comparable trial with thalassemic children, Dey et al.[31] discovered that it reduced the requirement for blood transfusions in 50% of β-thalassemia major patients.
Regular wheatgrass supplementation increased Hb levels, increased the intervals between blood transfusions, and decreased the total volume of blood transfused. In an in vivo investigation, Grunewald et al.[32] found that giving wheatgrass to rats with low RBC counts for 5 days raised their blood's RBC count. Similar findings have been observed by other researchers[33].4.2.
Anti-ulcer potential of wheatgrassWheatgrass is used as a natural herbal tonic for the treatment of ulcer, and has been shown anti ulcerative potential; the key components responsible for this effect being chlorophyll, apigenin, and chlorophyllin. Inspite that wheatgrass juice contains various water soluble biomolecules, protein and bioactive compounds.
These components have been shown to exhibit anti stomach ulcer potential on experimental stressed rat model system. In a clinical trial, wheatgrass extract was discovered to have anti-ulcer potential and be used as a supplemental therapy to treat rectal bleeding by Ben-Arye et al.[34].
The scientific study also revealed that apeginen, a bioactive molecule with potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, is present in wheatgrass, and also supports suppression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-induced transactivation[35].
Other clinical study was conducted to evaluate anti-ulcer potential of chlorophyll a major water-soluble bioactive compound present in wheatgrass has shown various therapeutic potential to treat loss of odour associated with infected wounds, drying effect in case of skin lesions, sinus, abscesses and surface rashes and promoting tissue generation[36]. Wheatgrass also contains chlorophyllin derivatives of chlorophyll, showed antibacterial activity, help in wound healing and increased Hb level in anemic animal.
According to several studies, chlorophyll is used to cure concerns in a variety of circumstances, including ulcer, suppurative disease, and the growth of new tissues[[37], [38]].4.3.
Anti-diabetic potential of wheatgrass
Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, and natural fibre are the main elements in wheatgrass that lower blood glucose levels and have been shown to have anti-diabetic potential[39]. The anti-diabetic activity of wheatgrass was investigated by Mohan et al.[40] with streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
They discovered that wheatgrass included phenolic, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins that have anti-diabetic activities and these bioactive substances work similarly to insulin to reduce blood sugar levels and boost insulin production by improving insulin sensitivity, and also stimulating regeneration of insulin from beta cells of pancreas in diabetic rats[41].
Contrarily, a study on animals by Shaikh et al.[42] revealed that wheatgrass's phenolic and flavonoid components lower animals' blood glucose levels.
As a result, it was found through scientific research that wheatgrass is a rich source of natural fibres and bioactive compounds including chlorophyll, rutin, and apigenin that help to maintain blood sugar levels and are therefore believed to have beneficial effects against diabetes.4.4. Hepato-protective potential of wheatgrassPhytochemicals of wheatgrass acts as a defense mechanism against several elements that can harm liver. Under various clinical circumstances, rutin, chlorophyllin have reportedly been shown to regulate the levels of liver enzymes and so guard against liver cell damage.
These compounds are able to normalize the levels of liver enzymes including serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) in a streptozotocin-induced rats[40].
Various studies reported that the level of liver enzymes returned to almost normal after the supplementation of wheatgrass extract to rat model[11,[43], [44]]. Wheatgrass possess chlorophyll and choline compounds which are identified as the main nutrients causing the liver protection. Nutrients present in wheatgrass as magnesium, potassium prevent the buildup of fat in the liver and maintain the liver health.4.5.
Antioxidant potential of wheatgrass
Wheatgrass has been demonstrated to contain many antioxidants, including polyphenols and flavanoids, like many other medicinal plants. These bioactive substances have antioxidant properties.
Wheatgrass's ability to scavenge free radicals has been linked to its antioxidant capacity[45]. Super oxide dismutase (SOD), an antioxidant enzyme found in wheatgrass, is also responsible for converting damaging free radicals into hydrogen peroxides and oxygen molecules[46].
Several clinical trials have demonstrated wheatgrass's capacity to scavenge free radicals; these free radicals are responsible for lipid peroxidation of membrane and cellular damage[47]. In lipid peroxidation process, the harmful free radicals react with polyunsaturated fatty acid of cellular membrane and produce free radical initiated lipid (LH), which is highly cytotoxic[48].
According to some studies, supplement of wheatgrass juice significantly decreased the formation and activity of free radicals in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats as well as MDA levels and lipid peroxidation. Wheatgrass can exhibit antioxidant potential by scavenging the superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, according to a number of experimental experiments.
Mohan et al.[40] did a clinical study and found that high levels of antioxidant enzymes including lipid peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase are decreased by wheatgrass ethanol extract in various ailment conditions.
Antioxidants like flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and chlorophyll are abundant in wheatgrass.
Antioxidants aid in defending the body against oxidative stress brought on by free radicals, which can damage cells and exacerbate chronic illness.
Wheatgrass enhance the general health and wellbeing by being incorporated into functional meals and nutraceuticals to take advantage of its antioxidant-rich properties (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2. Antioxidant activity of chlorophyll present in wheatgrass.
4.6. Cardio-protective potential of wheatgrass
Some studies carried out both ways in vivo and in vitro have shown that wheatgrass may be involved in protection of the function of heart. The chlorophyll content present in this plant has been shown to be responsible for it. Sethi et al.
[49] stated that the oral administration of wheatgrass juice reducesthe total cholesteroland very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels and increases high density lipoprotein (HDL) (good cholesterol) level in rat model which consumed high fat diet. The chlorophyll-A, a green pigment present in the wheatgrass is responsible to keep heart healthy with smooth functioning.
Wheatgrass juice has been found to reduce blood pressure by dilating the blood vessels so that they can carry the blood easily and efficiently.
This plant is excellent source of minerals such as calcium and potassium which are required to maintain the electrolyte balance in heart for its proper function.
Another study in the rat model system, the effect of fresh wheatgrass juice on lipid profile was evaluated[50]. The outcome of the study was that supplementation of fresh wheatgrass juice decreased the level of total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and triglycerides in the rat blood.4.7.
Anticancer potential of wheatgrass
Wheatgrass constituents responsible for its anti-cancer effects were chlorophyll, chlorophyllin, rutin, and abscisic acid (ABA). Although there are no known causes for cancer to develop, numerous things, including smoking, inactivity, and radiation exposure, can cause this illness. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation are the most popular cancer therapies, but they are pricy and have negative side effects. Due to its natural makeup, dependability, and safety at known quantities, wheatgrass can be employed as an anti-cancer agent.
Chlorophyll, phenolis and flavonoids content of wheatgrass been found to lower the risk of myelo toxicity associated with chemotherapy for breast cancer patients[51]. The chlorophyllin, derivative of chlorophyll and major bioactive compounds present in wheatgrass have been found to be associated with the anti-cancer property of the plant extract when tested both in various in vivo and in vitro studies[52].
Another study by Dey et al.[31] found that wheatgrass extract could improve the health of cancer patients by lowering the carcinogenic potential of mutagens[[53], [54]]. Furthermore, another clinical study was conducted by Chiu et al.[55] with chlorophyllin, to evaluate its anti-cancer potential against human breast cancer.
They have observed that chlorophyllin can reduce the risk of human breast cancer. Besides this chlorophyll, and derivatives of chlorophyll showed anti-cancer potential in cases of liver, colon, stomach, skin and gastrointestinal cancer[[56], [57]].
The in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that chlorophyllin could reduce the activity of liver cytochrome P-450, it has been observed the reduced activity of liver cytochrome P-450, resulting in longer lifespan and lower cancer rates[58]. ABA, rutin are other bioactive compounds of wheatgrass concerned as an anti-cancer representative and anti-cancer potential of wheatgrass is due to its antioxidant activity, which prevents oxidative damage of DNA[46].4.8.
Detoxifying potential of wheatgrass
The phytochemicals present in wheatgrass such as choline, indole compounds, chlorophyll have been shown to be associated with the detoxification of xenobiotics in the living systems. Wheatgrass is a rich source of chlorophyll; indole compounds, vitamins and minerals, these nutrients and bioflavonoids compounds help make the plant as an excellent natural detoxifying agent.
The chlorophyll in wheatgrass is regarded as a natural body cleaner because of its capacity to rebuild and neutralize toxins or toxic substances from the body and aid in the removal of medications and other potentially dangerous foreign substances[59].
Choline another component of wheatgrass acts as detoxifying agent, study was conducted to see the effect of choline on accumulation of fat in liver of experimental animals, when they received a diet supplemented cholesterol rich diet. It was observed that choline acts as detoxifying agent and helps removal of esters of cholesterols and sterols[24].
Choline also has been showed lipotropic action and promotes transportation of fatty acid in plasma and removes lipid from liver, thereby preventing accumulation of fat in the liver[30,60].4.9.
Anti-arthritis potential of wheatgrassRheumatoid arthritis symptoms include inflammation of joints, severe pain, stiffness and swelling. Females of above 50 years of age are mostly affected by the rheumatoid arthritis compared to males. It has been found that wheatgrass extract can help with joint discomfort and illnesses of the bones.
The main elements of this microgreen, such as lactobacilli, chlorophyll, vitamins (beta carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin), minerals (calcium, magnesium, potassium sodium, iron, zinc, and copper), and antioxidants (vitamin A, C, E, and SOD), have been shown to have anti-arthritis potential. By several clinical studies, has been shown that the wheatgrass extracts are useful in reducing severity of symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.
An animal study was conducted by the Shaikh et al.[42] to evaluate the anti diabetic potential of fresh wheatgrass extract in alloxan induced diabetic rats and reported that the raw plant based vegetarian diet is rich source of lactobacilli, chlorophyll, soluble fraction and fiber, which exhibits anti arthritic potential, as it promotes to reducing the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis in alloxan induced diabetic rats.
According to a different study, fermented wheatgrass drink, also known as avemar, which is rich source of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, bioactive substances, and chlorophyll, lessens the severity of rheumatoid arthritis.
Due to its anti-inflammatory capabilities, daily ingestion of avemar helps to lessen the degree of joint inflammation, according to a clinical trial conducted by Nenonen et al.[61]. Wheatgrass was discovered to have anti-inflammatory potential because it improved bone mobility and function while reducing joint and bone inflammation.4.10.
Wheatgrass and Alzheimer's diseaseThe impact of plants and microgreens on Alzheimer's has been investigated in numerous studied but there is no scientific evidence has been found to date to support the use of natural herbal remedies to delay Alzheimer's disease symptoms.
For the treatment of this ailment, numerous clinical researches have been conducted on the formulation of novel natural herbal substances from natural medicinal sources.
Stevenson et al.[62] conducted a clinical investigation and found that wheatgrass functions as an antioxidant by scavenging free radicals (superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals) and antioxidant enzymes that reduce free radicals and enhance memory, by enhancing cellular homeostasis and the body's defenses against oxidative stress, wheatgrass's antioxidant capability increased the neuroprotective impact[63].
Like all green plants, wheatgrass is a good provider of oxygen. The brain and other body organs must operate properly in an oxygenated atmosphere. Additionally, it fosters the growth of intellect[64].
According to their research, wheatgrass may be utilised to treat Alzheimer's disease.4.11. Dermatological potential of wheatgrassThe bioactive components found in wheatgrass, including chlorophyll, apigenin, and agrophyere, have been discovered to be effective natural treatments for skin conditions.
Wheatgrass is a great source of the green pigment chlorophyll-A, which has anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties and is used to treat a variety of skin conditions. In addition, wheatgrass contains apigenin, agrophyere, and flavonoids, have anti-inflammatory qualities.
According to Chernomorsky et al.[35] wheatgrass chlorophyllin also has antimicrobial properties, which aids in wound healing by encouraging epithelialization of tissue and maintaining healthy skin.4.12.
Antimicrobial activity of wheatgrassAnti-microbial is the act of killing or inhibiting or suppressing microorganisms from their multiplication or growth. There are certain phytochemicals that are known to have anti-bacterial properties which include flavonoids and alkaloids.
Most of these phytochemical constituents are potent bioactive compounds found in wheatgrass, parts of which are precursors for the synthesis of useful drugs[65].
Das et al.[[66], [67]] found that 80% acetone extracts of wheatgrass were effective against five food borne microorganisms, including the fungus Aspergillus niger, a common contaminant of food.
Pallavi et al.[68] tested wheatgrass extracts against the Gram-positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative Eschericia coli; using amoxicillin as standard. The findings were that certain extracts showed considerable activity against B. subtilis and moderate activity against S. aureus and E. coli.
Plants contain thousands of constituents which are valuable sources of new and biologically active molecules having antimicrobial properties. A wide variety of secondary metabolites, such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids and flavonoids, are found to have anti-microbial properties in vitro[69].
These natural products are of great concern as a source of safer and/or more effective alternatives to synthetically produced anti-microbial agents. Wheatgrass extract has a high content of bioflavonoids which may add towards anti-microbial effects[50,70].4.13.
Prebiotic potential of wheatgrassThe human gastrointestinal microbiota, one of the most densely populated microbial communities on earth contains highly diverse microbial communities that provide metabolic, immunologic, and protective functions that play a crucial role in human health[[71], [72], [73]]. The gastrointestinal microbiota is influenced by a number of factors including genetics, host physiology (age of the host, disease, stress, etc.) and diet[[74], [75], [76], [77]].
Indeed, consumption of specific dietary ingredients, such as fiber and prebiotics, is an avenue by which the microbiota can be modulated.
Dietary fibers, carbohydrate polymers including inulin, polydextrose, resistant starch, β-glucan, galactooligosaccharide and other oligosaccharides which are neither digested nor absorbed, are subjected to bacterial fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract and thus impact the composition of bacterial communities as well as microbial metabolic activities, including the production of fermentative end products, can be classified as prebiotic[78].
Prebiotics are defined as selectively fermented ingredients that result in specific changes, in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus conferring benefit(s) upon host health[79].
Wheatgrass is an excellent source of complex carbohydrates and fibers which shows its prebiotic potential. Inulin is the most tested carbohydrate and it occurs naturally in wheat (Triticum sp.), asparagus (Asparagus officinalis), chicory (Cichorium intybus), Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), garlic (Allium sativum), onion (Allium cepa), banana (Musa sp.) and oats (Avena sativa).
These compounds are currently being added to foods like cereals Roberfroid et al.[80] reported that wheatgrass by stimulation of growth of probiotic organism (Lactobacillus casei) and can be consumed as prebiotics.4.14.
Other potential efficacy of wheatgrassIn addition to its many therapeutic benefits, wheatgrass was found to be able to prevent gout symptoms by preserving a healthy amount of uric acid in the blood. Soluble dietary fibres included in wheatgrass powder are helpful in preventing obesity and managing weight. Due to its alkaline pH, wheatgrass has been proven to be effective in the therapy of acidity and is therefore used to cure a variety of gastrointestinal tract problems.
Wheatgrass contains a significant amount of the chlorophyll A, which can be applied to burn victims as a dressing.
Breathing disorders like bronchitis, asthma, and the common cold have all been successfully treated using wheatgrass juice as herbal medicine[27]. Wheatgrass is an alternative therapy in the prevention and treatment of teeth and gum related diseases such as pyorrhea, and tooth decay. Wheatgrass juice is used as mouth wash and also in relieving ear pain and ear diseases.5.
Conclusion
Wheatgrass, a miracle microgreen, is a rich source of protein, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that boost its pharmacological potential against a variety of ailments, such as anaemia, thalassemia, ulcerative colitis, diabetes, cardio vascular disease, and liver disorders.
Wheatgrass is effective at boosting strength, reducing fatigue, and maintaining the blood pressure and blood sugar levels. It promotes healthy digestion, removes toxins, reduces weight, activates brain function, and delays ageing.
Therefore, incorporating wheatgrass as an integral part of the daily diet enhances the nutritional level and elevate the health status of the individual.
Author contribution
Neetu Mishra: conceptualization & supervision; Renu Tripathi: writing original draft; Dhananjay Pandey: writing-review & editing; Kamal Shah: review & editing; Nagendra Singh Chauhan: supervision & editing.
Declaration of interests
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.AcknowledgementAll the authors are grateful to the administration of University of Allahabad (U.P.), for rendering library facilities.
References
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfutfo.2024.07.003Get rights and content
Under a Creative Commons license
Plants have been utilized by humans throughout history for a variety of purposes, including sustenance and medicinal intentions. Since ancient times, wheatgrass has been utilized as a type of microgreen for therapeutic purposes.
Phenolic flavonoids, vitamins, minerals, proteins and enzymes are all abundant in wheatgrass.
These nutrients and bioactive substances enhanced wheatgrass's therapeutic efficacy and made it a powerful antioxidant agent for the treatment of a range of diseases. It has been shown to have a wide variety of pharmacological potentials, including an antioxidative potential that helps to neutralize free radicals, anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, anti-diabetic, anti-arthritic, anti-microbial action, and many more.
However, there is a dearth of scientific evidence to back up wheatgrass's possible pharmacological effects and clinical value. To investigate its clinical utility for human welfare, in-depth research studies are needed. Through this analysis of the review literature, an attempt has been made to explain wheatgrass and its therapeutic potentials.
Keywords Microgreen
Wheatgrass
Antioxidant activity
Nutritive value
Bioactives1.
Introduction
Microgreens are young and tender, edible seedlings that are harvested after the cotyledonary leaves have fully developed and the first true leaves emerge[1].
Microgreens, are nutrient-dense seedlings that can provide beneficial nutritional and health qualities in relatively small consumption quantities to mature veggies, are gradually drawing commercial attention on a global scale[[2], [3]].
Microgreens, also referred to as “vegetable confetti,” are developed from a wide range of commercial food crops, including grains, herbs, and vegetables, and they are made up of completely grown cotyledons with or without partially expanded true leaves[4].
Despite their small size, these valuable microvegetables showcase noteworthy sensory qualities like flavour, texture, aroma, appearance, exotic colours and unique hues.
They are also overloaded with a multitude of different phytonutrients, which vary depending on the nature of plants employed to generate the microgreens[5]. The usage of various microgreens employed as garnishes to improve salads, soups, sandwiches, and other culinary inventories, has sparked the interest of consumers in microgreens.
However, owing to its intriguing quality characteristics, their use has been extended to enrich the diet of a particular group of demanding consumers[6]. The microgreens are referred to as the next generation of “superfoods” or “functional foods” as they possess a wide array of health-promoting phytonutrients, including antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, phenolic compounds, and numerous additional health-promoting substances.
Microgreens can be easily cultivated in a relatively simple manner, even in extremely small spaces, and are appropriate for both urban agriculture and space life support systems[7]. Therefore, incorporating microgreens into daily meals may thereby improve the nutritional value and assist consumers in obtaining better health benefits.
Phytotherapeutic plants and microgreens have gained prominence over the recent decades, with implications across the global healthcare system and international trade.
The immature shoots of the wheat plant Triticum aestivum, which are harvested when they are less than 15 days old, are referred to as wheatgrass (Table 1, Table 2).
These vibrant green grass blades are typically consumed as a nutrient-dense functional food or nutraceutical in the form of juice or powder[8]. In current scenario, wheatgrass has gained popularity as a healthy food due to its high content of vitamins including vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E, minerals such as iron, magnesium and calcium along with antioxidants and several bioactive compounds possessing potential health benefits viz., anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, cardiovascular protective and for good digestive health[[9], [10]].
Since, to its functional ingredients and high nutritional composition, wheatgrass may also have therapeutic properties which render it a miraculous microgreen for cure for various chronic ailments.
Although being widely used, there is not much information about the medicinal benefits of wheatgrass therefore further scientific study is needed to investigate the pharmacological potentials of this natural herbal microgreen.
Considering these facts, the goal of the current review is to offer comprehensive details on the nutritional compositions and pharmacological properties of this microgreen.
Table 1. Classification of wheatgrass.
Cultivation of wheatgrass
Wheatgrass is normally cultivated indoors on trays for medicinal purposes, though it can be grown outdoors. In order to the indoor cultivation of wheatgrass, good quality of wheat seeds are procured and cleaned properly, after that wheat grains are soaked in cold water for 12 h, after the water has been strained, they are tied in wet woven cotton cloth and hung for the next 12 h.
Water is sprinkled over the cotton cloth at least 3 times during the germination period. Wheat sprouts contain 4 times as much folic acid and 6 times as much vitamin C than unsprouted wheat. Sprouted wheat is sown in a shaded area, although wheat can grow in any environment, it is best to plant it in a shady place to avoid excessive nutrient loss from exposure to direct sunlight.
According to the literature, when the seeds are sowed, the grass develops slowly for the first 7 days before growing quickly during the next twelve to 15 days, reaching a length of 18−22 cm and being ready for harvest (Fig. 1)[11].
Fig. 1. Pictorial presentation of wheatgrass cultivation.
The nutritional composition of wheatgrass is influenced by several factors, namely the growing period, genetics, agronomic and environmental conditions, pH, light intensity, type of light exposure, temperature and minerals absorbed by the plant via roots[[12], [13], [14], [15]].
Such variations in the nutritional and physiochemical properties were well documented by Skoczylas et al.[16] in their study, where they found that fifteen days grown wheatgrass juice had increased level of chlorophylls, carotenoids, total polyphenols, and catalase activity than 10 days grown (Table 3).
They also found differences in some of the characteristics of the juices made from wheatgrass grown in summer and winter season.
In another study, Parit et al.[17] found that 16 days grown wheatgrass had maximum antioxidant activity than 6, 8 days grown. These observations clearly indicates that wheatgrass has maximum nutritional content at 12−15 days.
Table 3. Physicochemical activity of wheatgrass during different harvesting period[[16], [17]].
Parameters
Harvesting period of wheatgrass
Wheatgrass (10 days)Wheatgrass (15 days)Dry matter (g/kg)48.6748.80
Ash (g/kg)7.838.07
pH5.655.70
Total chlorophyll (mg/L)480.9565.0
Carotenoids (mg/L)94.5105.5
Total polyphenols (mg/L)983.6979.3
Flavonoids (mg/L)540.6553.6
2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (μmol Trolox/mL)8.089.07
2,2’-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) (μmol Trolox/mL)113.29106.17
Catalase (U/mL)84.92213.28
Peroxidase (U/mL)0.160.133.
Nutritional composition of wheatgrass
The proximate analysis of wheatgrass juice and powder is shown in Table 4. In addition to minerals including iron, calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, and sodium, wheatgrass provides a rich source of vitamins A, C and E. The B-complex vitamins, including as thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid, are also abundant in it (Table 5). Table 6 lists the necessary amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins that are present in wheatgrass.
These amino acids are essential for the development and maintenance of bodily tissues. Several antioxidant compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, chlorophyll and alkaloids are found in wheatgrass (Table 7, Table 8).
These bioactive substances aid in defending the body against the oxidative damage caused by free radicals, which can result in chronic illnesses. Chlorophyll, a plant-based green pigment, is abundant in wheatgrass.
Strong antioxidant properties of chlorophyll have been demonstrated to have an impact on cancer prevention, control of oxidative stress, enzyme activity, gene transcription, scavenge free radicals, chelate metals, and aid in the absorption of iron and other minerals and trace elements has also been demonstrated[14,16].
Wheatgrass contains a number of enzymes that help with digestion and nutritional absorption, including as oxidase, transhydrogenase, protease, amylase, and lipase. Wheatgrass's alkalizing properties aid to maintain a healthy pH level and lessen acidity in the body.
Table 4. Proximate analysis of wheatgrass powder and juice [13,[18], [19], [20], [21]].
NutrientWheatgrass powderWheatgrass juiceMoisture (g/100g)6.3093.4
Protein (g/100g)252.96
Fat (g/100g)0.90.3
Carbohydrate (g/100g)332.45
Dietry fibre (g/100g)300.1
Ash (g/100g)4.800.89
Chlorophyll (mg/100g)513.50360.3Table
5. Levels of vitamins and minerals in wheatgrass powder and juice[13,18,[22], [23], [24], [25], [26]].
Vitamins and mineralsWheatgrass powderWheatgrass juiceβ-Carotene182.46 μg/100g2.43 mg/100mL
Vitamin C14.4 mg/100g0.360 mg/100mL
Vitamin E9.146 3 mg/100g13.8 mg/L
Thiamine0.616 μg/g201.80 μg/mL
Riboflavin2.620 μg/g1.280 μg/mL
Vitamin B60.96 mg/100g4.660 μg/mL
Folic acid84 μg/100g28.900 μg/mL
Vitamin B1266 μg/100g7.660 μg/mL
Iron5.27 mg/100g0.59 mg/L
Calcium73.8 mg/100g39.2 mg/L
Magnesium24 mg/100g133.9 mg/L
Phosphorus36.66 mg/100g1 216.9 mg/L
Potassium147 mg/100g3 383.4 mg/L
Aluminum4.9 mg/100g0.31 mg/mL
Copper0.2 mg/100g0.007 mg/mL
Zinc3.90 mg/100g0.02 mg/mL
Sodium9.46 mg/100g6.83 mg/LTable 6. Amino acids profile in wheatgrass powder and juice[10,23].
Amino acidWheatgrass powder (mg/100g)Wheatgrass juice (μg/mL)Aspartic acid222510.3
Threonine105105.8
Serine242201.8
Glutamine242200.6
Proline9433.6
Glycine11720.6
Alanin137166.4
Valine125272.1
Methionine4314.0
Isoleucine88145.1
Leucine162101.0
Tyrosine50121.8
Phenylalanine108200.9
Lysine82174.5
Histidine45232.2
Tryptophan11160.1
Arginine111252.9Table 7. Photochemical screening from different solvent extracts of wheatgrass[27].
No.ParametersEthanolMethanolEthylacetateChloroformAqueous1Phenols+++++
2Flavonoids++++-
3Alkaloids+++++
4Tannins++--+
5Saponins+--++
6Glycosides++--+
7Steroids++---
8Terpenoids++---
Note: + indicates presence of compounds; - indicates absence of compounds.
Table 8. Phytochemical assessment and antioxidant activities of wheatgrass[11,12,14,28].
Parameters
Wheatgrass powder
Wheatgrass juice
Total phenolic17.95−38.49 mg GAE/g56.66 mg GAE/g
Total flavonoid10.56−30.64 mg QE/g4.4−10.1 mg QE/g
Chlorophyll513.50 mg/100 g360.3 mg/100 g
DPPH62.12%−82.53%13.5−17.3 μmol Trolox eq/mL
Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)7.84−35.45
mmol Fe2+/g7.78 mg PYE/g extract
Metal chelating activity (MCA)50.21%−87.79%25.59 μmol EDTA/g extract
Note: GAE: gallic acid equivalent; QE: quercetin equivalant; PYE, pyrogallol equivalent; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
4. Therapeutic properties of wheatgrass
Wheatgrass is a microgreen that has been utilized for its medicinal and nutritional benefits. Fresh wheatgrass is composed of chlorophyll, which has antioxidant and cancer-preventive and also known as "green blood" or "living blood".
Chlorophyllin, a chlorophyll derivative, demonstrated mitochondrial protection against oxidative damage. Apigenin, a flavonoid component, has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy[8,10]. Other well-known bioactive compounds of wheatgrass are rutin and quercetin possessing antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and numerous other pharmacological health benefits (Table 9).
Table 9. Physicochemical properties of major components of wheatgrass.
Chemical structure Molecular weight (g/mol)
Melting point (°C)Water solubility (mg/L) Physical stateReported pharmacological activities
References724.15152.3
Not available
Green powder
Antioxidant activity, chemoprotective potential,detoxifying agent[81]
610.5224212.5 Greenish yellow powder
Antioxidant activity,antidiabetic, anti-inflammotry activity, anticancer, anti-osteoarthritis[[82], [83], [84]]
270.24345−35018.3 Yellow crystal Antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, nephroprotective, antidepressant agent, cardiovascular disease prevention properties[[85], [86]]
302.23314−3160.001 Yellow powder Antioxidant, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-inflammation, anti-diabetic, as well as preventing asthma, cancer, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases[[87], [88]]
GAE. Gallic acid equivalent; QE. quercetin equivalants; EDT. ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
4.1. Wheatgrass and β-thalassemiaβ-Thalassemia syndrome describe a group of genetic blood disorders caused by decreased or absent synthesis of the β-globin chain, resulting in reduced amount of hemoglobin (Hb) in red blood cells (RBC), low RBC production and anemia[9]. The two key components of wheatgrass that are used to cure beta thalassemia are its pH value and chlorophyll concentration. Wheatgrass contains a good amount of chlorophyll and has the capacity to increase Hb level.
Since the pH of wheatgrass juice is a 7.4, same as that of human blood, because of this similarity, cholorophyll of wheatgrass is quickly absorbed into blood. Hb and chlorophyll have a tetraphyrrol ring in their chemical compositions.
The only chemical difference between them is that Hb has an iron porphyrin ring while chlorophyll has a magnesium porphyrin ring[29].
Consequently, wheatgrass may be a useful substitute for blood transfusions in thalassemia major and intermediate patients by increasing Hb levels, lengthening the time between blood transfusions, and decreasing the total amount of blood that is transfused[30]. In a comparable trial with thalassemic children, Dey et al.[31] discovered that it reduced the requirement for blood transfusions in 50% of β-thalassemia major patients.
Regular wheatgrass supplementation increased Hb levels, increased the intervals between blood transfusions, and decreased the total volume of blood transfused. In an in vivo investigation, Grunewald et al.[32] found that giving wheatgrass to rats with low RBC counts for 5 days raised their blood's RBC count. Similar findings have been observed by other researchers[33].4.2.
Anti-ulcer potential of wheatgrassWheatgrass is used as a natural herbal tonic for the treatment of ulcer, and has been shown anti ulcerative potential; the key components responsible for this effect being chlorophyll, apigenin, and chlorophyllin. Inspite that wheatgrass juice contains various water soluble biomolecules, protein and bioactive compounds.
These components have been shown to exhibit anti stomach ulcer potential on experimental stressed rat model system. In a clinical trial, wheatgrass extract was discovered to have anti-ulcer potential and be used as a supplemental therapy to treat rectal bleeding by Ben-Arye et al.[34].
The scientific study also revealed that apeginen, a bioactive molecule with potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, is present in wheatgrass, and also supports suppression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-induced transactivation[35].
Other clinical study was conducted to evaluate anti-ulcer potential of chlorophyll a major water-soluble bioactive compound present in wheatgrass has shown various therapeutic potential to treat loss of odour associated with infected wounds, drying effect in case of skin lesions, sinus, abscesses and surface rashes and promoting tissue generation[36]. Wheatgrass also contains chlorophyllin derivatives of chlorophyll, showed antibacterial activity, help in wound healing and increased Hb level in anemic animal.
According to several studies, chlorophyll is used to cure concerns in a variety of circumstances, including ulcer, suppurative disease, and the growth of new tissues[[37], [38]].4.3.
Anti-diabetic potential of wheatgrass
Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, and natural fibre are the main elements in wheatgrass that lower blood glucose levels and have been shown to have anti-diabetic potential[39]. The anti-diabetic activity of wheatgrass was investigated by Mohan et al.[40] with streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
They discovered that wheatgrass included phenolic, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins that have anti-diabetic activities and these bioactive substances work similarly to insulin to reduce blood sugar levels and boost insulin production by improving insulin sensitivity, and also stimulating regeneration of insulin from beta cells of pancreas in diabetic rats[41].
Contrarily, a study on animals by Shaikh et al.[42] revealed that wheatgrass's phenolic and flavonoid components lower animals' blood glucose levels.
As a result, it was found through scientific research that wheatgrass is a rich source of natural fibres and bioactive compounds including chlorophyll, rutin, and apigenin that help to maintain blood sugar levels and are therefore believed to have beneficial effects against diabetes.4.4. Hepato-protective potential of wheatgrassPhytochemicals of wheatgrass acts as a defense mechanism against several elements that can harm liver. Under various clinical circumstances, rutin, chlorophyllin have reportedly been shown to regulate the levels of liver enzymes and so guard against liver cell damage.
These compounds are able to normalize the levels of liver enzymes including serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) in a streptozotocin-induced rats[40].
Various studies reported that the level of liver enzymes returned to almost normal after the supplementation of wheatgrass extract to rat model[11,[43], [44]]. Wheatgrass possess chlorophyll and choline compounds which are identified as the main nutrients causing the liver protection. Nutrients present in wheatgrass as magnesium, potassium prevent the buildup of fat in the liver and maintain the liver health.4.5.
Antioxidant potential of wheatgrass
Wheatgrass has been demonstrated to contain many antioxidants, including polyphenols and flavanoids, like many other medicinal plants. These bioactive substances have antioxidant properties.
Wheatgrass's ability to scavenge free radicals has been linked to its antioxidant capacity[45]. Super oxide dismutase (SOD), an antioxidant enzyme found in wheatgrass, is also responsible for converting damaging free radicals into hydrogen peroxides and oxygen molecules[46].
Several clinical trials have demonstrated wheatgrass's capacity to scavenge free radicals; these free radicals are responsible for lipid peroxidation of membrane and cellular damage[47]. In lipid peroxidation process, the harmful free radicals react with polyunsaturated fatty acid of cellular membrane and produce free radical initiated lipid (LH), which is highly cytotoxic[48].
According to some studies, supplement of wheatgrass juice significantly decreased the formation and activity of free radicals in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats as well as MDA levels and lipid peroxidation. Wheatgrass can exhibit antioxidant potential by scavenging the superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, according to a number of experimental experiments.
Mohan et al.[40] did a clinical study and found that high levels of antioxidant enzymes including lipid peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase are decreased by wheatgrass ethanol extract in various ailment conditions.
Antioxidants like flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and chlorophyll are abundant in wheatgrass.
Antioxidants aid in defending the body against oxidative stress brought on by free radicals, which can damage cells and exacerbate chronic illness.
Wheatgrass enhance the general health and wellbeing by being incorporated into functional meals and nutraceuticals to take advantage of its antioxidant-rich properties (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2. Antioxidant activity of chlorophyll present in wheatgrass.
4.6. Cardio-protective potential of wheatgrass
Some studies carried out both ways in vivo and in vitro have shown that wheatgrass may be involved in protection of the function of heart. The chlorophyll content present in this plant has been shown to be responsible for it. Sethi et al.
[49] stated that the oral administration of wheatgrass juice reducesthe total cholesteroland very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels and increases high density lipoprotein (HDL) (good cholesterol) level in rat model which consumed high fat diet. The chlorophyll-A, a green pigment present in the wheatgrass is responsible to keep heart healthy with smooth functioning.
Wheatgrass juice has been found to reduce blood pressure by dilating the blood vessels so that they can carry the blood easily and efficiently.
This plant is excellent source of minerals such as calcium and potassium which are required to maintain the electrolyte balance in heart for its proper function.
Another study in the rat model system, the effect of fresh wheatgrass juice on lipid profile was evaluated[50]. The outcome of the study was that supplementation of fresh wheatgrass juice decreased the level of total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and triglycerides in the rat blood.4.7.
Anticancer potential of wheatgrass
Wheatgrass constituents responsible for its anti-cancer effects were chlorophyll, chlorophyllin, rutin, and abscisic acid (ABA). Although there are no known causes for cancer to develop, numerous things, including smoking, inactivity, and radiation exposure, can cause this illness. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation are the most popular cancer therapies, but they are pricy and have negative side effects. Due to its natural makeup, dependability, and safety at known quantities, wheatgrass can be employed as an anti-cancer agent.
Chlorophyll, phenolis and flavonoids content of wheatgrass been found to lower the risk of myelo toxicity associated with chemotherapy for breast cancer patients[51]. The chlorophyllin, derivative of chlorophyll and major bioactive compounds present in wheatgrass have been found to be associated with the anti-cancer property of the plant extract when tested both in various in vivo and in vitro studies[52].
Another study by Dey et al.[31] found that wheatgrass extract could improve the health of cancer patients by lowering the carcinogenic potential of mutagens[[53], [54]]. Furthermore, another clinical study was conducted by Chiu et al.[55] with chlorophyllin, to evaluate its anti-cancer potential against human breast cancer.
They have observed that chlorophyllin can reduce the risk of human breast cancer. Besides this chlorophyll, and derivatives of chlorophyll showed anti-cancer potential in cases of liver, colon, stomach, skin and gastrointestinal cancer[[56], [57]].
The in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that chlorophyllin could reduce the activity of liver cytochrome P-450, it has been observed the reduced activity of liver cytochrome P-450, resulting in longer lifespan and lower cancer rates[58]. ABA, rutin are other bioactive compounds of wheatgrass concerned as an anti-cancer representative and anti-cancer potential of wheatgrass is due to its antioxidant activity, which prevents oxidative damage of DNA[46].4.8.
Detoxifying potential of wheatgrass
The phytochemicals present in wheatgrass such as choline, indole compounds, chlorophyll have been shown to be associated with the detoxification of xenobiotics in the living systems. Wheatgrass is a rich source of chlorophyll; indole compounds, vitamins and minerals, these nutrients and bioflavonoids compounds help make the plant as an excellent natural detoxifying agent.
The chlorophyll in wheatgrass is regarded as a natural body cleaner because of its capacity to rebuild and neutralize toxins or toxic substances from the body and aid in the removal of medications and other potentially dangerous foreign substances[59].
Choline another component of wheatgrass acts as detoxifying agent, study was conducted to see the effect of choline on accumulation of fat in liver of experimental animals, when they received a diet supplemented cholesterol rich diet. It was observed that choline acts as detoxifying agent and helps removal of esters of cholesterols and sterols[24].
Choline also has been showed lipotropic action and promotes transportation of fatty acid in plasma and removes lipid from liver, thereby preventing accumulation of fat in the liver[30,60].4.9.
Anti-arthritis potential of wheatgrassRheumatoid arthritis symptoms include inflammation of joints, severe pain, stiffness and swelling. Females of above 50 years of age are mostly affected by the rheumatoid arthritis compared to males. It has been found that wheatgrass extract can help with joint discomfort and illnesses of the bones.
The main elements of this microgreen, such as lactobacilli, chlorophyll, vitamins (beta carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin), minerals (calcium, magnesium, potassium sodium, iron, zinc, and copper), and antioxidants (vitamin A, C, E, and SOD), have been shown to have anti-arthritis potential. By several clinical studies, has been shown that the wheatgrass extracts are useful in reducing severity of symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.
An animal study was conducted by the Shaikh et al.[42] to evaluate the anti diabetic potential of fresh wheatgrass extract in alloxan induced diabetic rats and reported that the raw plant based vegetarian diet is rich source of lactobacilli, chlorophyll, soluble fraction and fiber, which exhibits anti arthritic potential, as it promotes to reducing the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis in alloxan induced diabetic rats.
According to a different study, fermented wheatgrass drink, also known as avemar, which is rich source of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, bioactive substances, and chlorophyll, lessens the severity of rheumatoid arthritis.
Due to its anti-inflammatory capabilities, daily ingestion of avemar helps to lessen the degree of joint inflammation, according to a clinical trial conducted by Nenonen et al.[61]. Wheatgrass was discovered to have anti-inflammatory potential because it improved bone mobility and function while reducing joint and bone inflammation.4.10.
Wheatgrass and Alzheimer's diseaseThe impact of plants and microgreens on Alzheimer's has been investigated in numerous studied but there is no scientific evidence has been found to date to support the use of natural herbal remedies to delay Alzheimer's disease symptoms.
For the treatment of this ailment, numerous clinical researches have been conducted on the formulation of novel natural herbal substances from natural medicinal sources.
Stevenson et al.[62] conducted a clinical investigation and found that wheatgrass functions as an antioxidant by scavenging free radicals (superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals) and antioxidant enzymes that reduce free radicals and enhance memory, by enhancing cellular homeostasis and the body's defenses against oxidative stress, wheatgrass's antioxidant capability increased the neuroprotective impact[63].
Like all green plants, wheatgrass is a good provider of oxygen. The brain and other body organs must operate properly in an oxygenated atmosphere. Additionally, it fosters the growth of intellect[64].
According to their research, wheatgrass may be utilised to treat Alzheimer's disease.4.11. Dermatological potential of wheatgrassThe bioactive components found in wheatgrass, including chlorophyll, apigenin, and agrophyere, have been discovered to be effective natural treatments for skin conditions.
Wheatgrass is a great source of the green pigment chlorophyll-A, which has anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties and is used to treat a variety of skin conditions. In addition, wheatgrass contains apigenin, agrophyere, and flavonoids, have anti-inflammatory qualities.
According to Chernomorsky et al.[35] wheatgrass chlorophyllin also has antimicrobial properties, which aids in wound healing by encouraging epithelialization of tissue and maintaining healthy skin.4.12.
Antimicrobial activity of wheatgrassAnti-microbial is the act of killing or inhibiting or suppressing microorganisms from their multiplication or growth. There are certain phytochemicals that are known to have anti-bacterial properties which include flavonoids and alkaloids.
Most of these phytochemical constituents are potent bioactive compounds found in wheatgrass, parts of which are precursors for the synthesis of useful drugs[65].
Das et al.[[66], [67]] found that 80% acetone extracts of wheatgrass were effective against five food borne microorganisms, including the fungus Aspergillus niger, a common contaminant of food.
Pallavi et al.[68] tested wheatgrass extracts against the Gram-positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative Eschericia coli; using amoxicillin as standard. The findings were that certain extracts showed considerable activity against B. subtilis and moderate activity against S. aureus and E. coli.
Plants contain thousands of constituents which are valuable sources of new and biologically active molecules having antimicrobial properties. A wide variety of secondary metabolites, such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids and flavonoids, are found to have anti-microbial properties in vitro[69].
These natural products are of great concern as a source of safer and/or more effective alternatives to synthetically produced anti-microbial agents. Wheatgrass extract has a high content of bioflavonoids which may add towards anti-microbial effects[50,70].4.13.
Prebiotic potential of wheatgrassThe human gastrointestinal microbiota, one of the most densely populated microbial communities on earth contains highly diverse microbial communities that provide metabolic, immunologic, and protective functions that play a crucial role in human health[[71], [72], [73]]. The gastrointestinal microbiota is influenced by a number of factors including genetics, host physiology (age of the host, disease, stress, etc.) and diet[[74], [75], [76], [77]].
Indeed, consumption of specific dietary ingredients, such as fiber and prebiotics, is an avenue by which the microbiota can be modulated.
Dietary fibers, carbohydrate polymers including inulin, polydextrose, resistant starch, β-glucan, galactooligosaccharide and other oligosaccharides which are neither digested nor absorbed, are subjected to bacterial fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract and thus impact the composition of bacterial communities as well as microbial metabolic activities, including the production of fermentative end products, can be classified as prebiotic[78].
Prebiotics are defined as selectively fermented ingredients that result in specific changes, in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus conferring benefit(s) upon host health[79].
Wheatgrass is an excellent source of complex carbohydrates and fibers which shows its prebiotic potential. Inulin is the most tested carbohydrate and it occurs naturally in wheat (Triticum sp.), asparagus (Asparagus officinalis), chicory (Cichorium intybus), Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), garlic (Allium sativum), onion (Allium cepa), banana (Musa sp.) and oats (Avena sativa).
These compounds are currently being added to foods like cereals Roberfroid et al.[80] reported that wheatgrass by stimulation of growth of probiotic organism (Lactobacillus casei) and can be consumed as prebiotics.4.14.
Other potential efficacy of wheatgrassIn addition to its many therapeutic benefits, wheatgrass was found to be able to prevent gout symptoms by preserving a healthy amount of uric acid in the blood. Soluble dietary fibres included in wheatgrass powder are helpful in preventing obesity and managing weight. Due to its alkaline pH, wheatgrass has been proven to be effective in the therapy of acidity and is therefore used to cure a variety of gastrointestinal tract problems.
Wheatgrass contains a significant amount of the chlorophyll A, which can be applied to burn victims as a dressing.
Breathing disorders like bronchitis, asthma, and the common cold have all been successfully treated using wheatgrass juice as herbal medicine[27]. Wheatgrass is an alternative therapy in the prevention and treatment of teeth and gum related diseases such as pyorrhea, and tooth decay. Wheatgrass juice is used as mouth wash and also in relieving ear pain and ear diseases.5.
Conclusion
Wheatgrass, a miracle microgreen, is a rich source of protein, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that boost its pharmacological potential against a variety of ailments, such as anaemia, thalassemia, ulcerative colitis, diabetes, cardio vascular disease, and liver disorders.
Wheatgrass is effective at boosting strength, reducing fatigue, and maintaining the blood pressure and blood sugar levels. It promotes healthy digestion, removes toxins, reduces weight, activates brain function, and delays ageing.
Therefore, incorporating wheatgrass as an integral part of the daily diet enhances the nutritional level and elevate the health status of the individual.
Author contribution
Neetu Mishra: conceptualization & supervision; Renu Tripathi: writing original draft; Dhananjay Pandey: writing-review & editing; Kamal Shah: review & editing; Nagendra Singh Chauhan: supervision & editing.
Declaration of interests
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.AcknowledgementAll the authors are grateful to the administration of University of Allahabad (U.P.), for rendering library facilities.
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